22 shkurt 2012
Zbatime të kodit të gjuhës universale, alias, të kodit
të gjuhës shqipe
(Në ndërtim - under construction - под строительство)
Fjalori themelor i të gjitha gjuhëve të kësaj bote është ndërtuar
duke u nisur nga Dhjetë Rrënjët e Gjuhës Universale duke shfrytëzuar pikësëpari
ngjashmërinë (analogjinë) e
sendeve, veprimeve dhe karakteristikave reale dhe të imagjinuara me ato të
objektit astronomik, që shprehin shqipja YLL fjalët e prejardhura prej saj si
gr. Ilios ‘diell’ dhe lat. luna.
Nga Kodi i Gjuhës Universale, alias, Kodi i Gjuhës Shqipe kemi
Rrënjët kryesore të mbarë leksikut të gjuhëve të reja dhe të
vjetra të kësaj bote:
Ai,
Ar, At, Yll, (Unë), Bërë, Jam, Vjen, Them, Thërras
Vargu i
shqipes yll
al, el, il, ol, ul, yl, la, le, li, lo, lu,
ly; bl, fl, ef, ep, ev, eu, ey, pf, pl, vl, wl.
Vargu bal,
bel, bil, bol, bul, bla, ble, bli, blo, blu, fal, fel, fil, fol, ful, fla, fle,
fli, flo, flu, lop, pal, pel, pil, pol, pul, pla, ple, pli, plo, plu, val, vel,
vil, vol, vul, vla, vle, vli, vlo, vlu, wal, wel, wil, wol, wul, wla, wle, wli,
wlo, wlu
Vargu i
shqipes ar
ar, er,
ir, or, ur, yr, ra, re, ri, ro, ru, ry.
Vargu i
shqipes ai
ab, ae, ai, af, an, ap, au, av, aw, ba, bo,
che, chi, e, ei, eye, en, fa, fo, ge, he, hy, I, ia, Ich, ja, ky, ma, mo, o,
ob, of, on, op, ou, ov, ow, pa, po, që, que, qui, es, ua, ui, ub, up, va, (vi),
vo, wa, who, which, wo si dhe shkurtimet e tyre e, i, j, o, p, f, u, v, ë, y.
Vargu i
shqipes at
ad, adh, at, ath, od, ot, ud, ut.
Vargu i
shqipes jam
am, an,
em, en, im, in, om, on, um, un, ma, na, me, ne, mi, ni, mo, no, mu, nu ; as,
es, is, os, us, sa, se, si, so, su ; ash, esh, ish, osh, ush, sha, she, shi,
sho, shu; az, ez, iz, oz, uz, za, ze, zi, zo, zu, azh, ezh, izh, ozh, uzh, zha,
zhe, zhi, zho, zhu
Vargu i
togfjalëshit q’ jam, që merr trajta të shumta sipas formulës x * (j)am ku x =
c, ch, ck, ç, h, g, gh, gi, gj, h, i, j, k, q, qu, s, sc, sh, y, z, zz, x, xh
Vargu i
shqipes bërë
ar, are,
arg, aro, bar, bear, ber, beur, bër, bhar, bir, bor, boir, bour, br, bra, bre,
bri, bro, bru, bur, car, care, char, cra, cre, cri, cro, cur, er, ere, erg,
erga, erge, ergi, ergji, ergo, ir, ire, far, faehr, fahr, fair, fare, fer, fër,
fero, ferre, fir, for, fr, fra, fre, fri, fro, fru, fry, fuhr, fur, gar, ger,
gër, gjuar, gir, gra, gre, gro, guar,
guer, guir, gur, her, hir, hor, hur, juar, kar, ker, kër, kir, kor, kr, kra,
kre, kri, kry, kuar, kur, mar, mare, mer, mër, mere, miar, miare, mir, mor, mr,
mra, mre, mri, mro, mru, mur, oir, par, pair, per, për, peir, pir, poir, por,
pour, pr, pra, pre, pri, pro, pru, pur, quer, quir, qur, re, rë, schre, schri, sor,
uar, uer, uir, uor, ur, urg, urge, urgi, urgia, urgji, urgo, urgy, var, ver,
vër, vir, viar, viare, voir, vor, voor,
vr, vra, vre, vri, vro, vru, vur, vuur, war, wear, wer, wir, wor, wr, wra, wre,
wri, wro, wru, wur, yer, xuar, zar, zor, zuar, zzare.
Vargu i
shqipes them
da, de,
di, do, du, ad, ed, id, od, ud, ta, te, ti, to, tu, at, et, it, ot, ut,
dha, dhe,
dhi, dho, dhu, tha, the, thi, tho, thu,
tam, tan,
tem, ten, tim, tin, tom, ton, tum, tun, mat, nat, met, net, mit, nit, mot, not,
mut, nut; tas, tes, tis, tos, tus, sat, set, sit, sot, sut,
dam, dan,
dem, den, dim, din, dom, don, dum, dun, mad, nad, med, ned, mid, nid, mod, nod,
mud, nud; das, des, dis, dos, dus, sad, sed, sid, sod, sud; tham, than, them,
then, thim, thin, thom, thon, thum, thun, math, nath, meth, neth, mith, nith,
moth, noth, muth, nuth; thas, thes, this, thos, thus, sath, seth, sith, soth,
suth ; tha, the, thi, tho, thu, ath, eth, ith, oth, uth ; dham, dhan, dhem,
dhen, dhim, dhin, dhom, dhon, dhum, dhun, madh, nadh, medh, nedh, midh, nidh,
modh, nodh, mudh, nudh; dhas, dhes, dhis, dhos, dhus, sadh, sedh, sidh, sodh,
sudh ; dha, dhe, dhi, dho, dhu, adh, edh, idh, odh, udh.
Vargu i
shqipes thërras
tar, ter,
tir, tor, tur, rat, ret, rit, rot, rut; tra, tre, tri, tro, tru; dar, der, dir,
dor, dur, rad, red, rid, rod, rud; dra, dre, dri, dro, dru; thar, ther, thir,
thor, thur, rath, reth, rith, roth, ruth; thra, thre, thri, thro, thru; dhar,
dher, dhir, dhor, dhur, radh, redh, ridh, rodh, rudh; dhra, dhre, dhri, dhro,
dhru
Vargu i
shqipes vjen
ban, be, ben, bi, bin, bn, bon, bu, bun; fan,
fe, fen, fi, fin, fn, fon, fu, fun; man, main, me, men, med, mes, met, mez, mi,
mid, min, mis, mit, mn, mon, mos, mot, mu, mun, mus, mut; pan, pe, pen, pi, pin,
pit, pn, poen, poin, pon, pu, put, pun; uan, ue, uen, ui, uin, uon; van, ve,
ven, vi, vin, vn, von, vu, vun; wan, we, wen, wi, win, wn, won, wu, wun
* * *
Zbatime të këtij Kodi gjatë fjalëformimit të fjalëve në të gjitha
gjuhët e reja dhe ato të vjetra
Shq. yll > gr. vj. ἥλιος, gr. e re ήλιος, Ήλιος > it. sole
> bulg. слънце, çek. slunce, slunko, sluníčko, fr. soleil, port. sol, rus.
солнце, spanj. sol > angl. sun, ger. Sonne, holl. zon, serb. sunce, shq.
diell;
Shq. yll > … > angl. sun > jap. shin
Shq. yll
> it. luna > shq. hëna > it. lunar, shq. hënor
Nga Përmbledhja e Kodit të Gjuhës Shqipe kemi vargjet:
Shq. yll: al, el, il, ol, ul, yl, la, le, li, lo, lu, ly; bl, fl,
ef, ep, ev, eu, ey, pf, pl, vl, wl te
dhe vargjet që kanë rrjedhur nga shqipet yll, ai dhe ar dhe
togfjalëshi q’jam:
a) chan, cham, chen, chin, chun,
b) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-, cum-, kom-,
c) sam, san, schein, scin,
schon, schoen, sem, sen, sim, sin, sis, so, som, son, soz, sum, sun,
sus, sus, syl, syn, sys, sham, shan, shem, shen, shim, shin, shom, shon, shum,
shun, zhon.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Shq. yll > gr. vj. ἥλιος, gr. e re ήλιος, Ήλιος > it.
sole > angl. heliocentric, heliocentrism, heliograph, heliotrope,
heliotropism, helium, insolation, solar, fr. ensoleillement, ensoleiller,
héliocentrique, héliocentrisme, héliographe, héliotrope, héliotropisme,
parasol, solaire, gr. helio-, ηλίανθος, ηλίαση, ηλιοθεραπεία, ηλίθια, ηλίθιος,
ηλιάζω, ηλιέλαιο, ηλιακά, ηλιακή, ηλιακτίδα, ηλιακός, ηλιαχτίδα, ηλιθιότητα,
ηλιο-, ηλιοβασίλεμα, ηλιοθεραπεία, ηλιοκαμμένος, ηλιοκεντρικός, ηλιοροφή,
ηλιοτρόπιο, ηλιοφάνεια, ηλιοψημένος, ηλιόκαυμα, ηλιόλουστη, ηλιόλουστος,
ηλιόφως, σέλας, it. assolare, elio-,
eliocentrico, eliocentrismo, eliografo, eliotropio, eliotropismo, frangisole,
girasole, insolazione, ombrellone (non brilla > ombra), parasole,
prendisole, solare, solata, solatio, soleggiare, soleggiato, solicello,
solstizio, lat. solaris, rum. solar (> soare), pol. słoneczny, słońce, rus.
солнечный, slovak. slnko, slnečný, slniť sa, çek. slunit se; spanj. asolear,
solar; sued. sol, solsken, sola, sola sig, shq. diellor, dielli, luledielli ;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > gr. vj. ἥλιος, gr. e re ήλιος, Ήλιος + gr. εκτρο-,
lat. extra > angl. electric (1640s) > angl. electrical (1764),
electricity, electrode, electron, electronic, fr. électricité, électrique,
électrode, électron, électronique, gr. ηλεκτρικά, ηλεκτρικής , ηλεκτρισμός,
ήλεκτρον, ηλεκτροκίνητος, ηλεκτρονικά, ηλεκτρονικός, ηλεκτρονόμος, ηλεκτροπληξία,
ηλεκτροσυγκολλητής, ηλεκτροσυγκολλώ, ηλεκτροσυγκόλληση, ηλεκτρόδιο, holl.
elektriciteit, elektrisch, elektrode, elektron, heliocentrisch, it.
elettricità, elettrico, elettrodo, elettrone, elettronica, rus. электрик,
электрификация , электрифицировать, электрический, электричество, электровоз,
электрогитара, электродвигатель, электромонтёр, электрон, электроника,
электронный, электропоезд, электроприбор, электропроводка, электростанция,
электротехник, электроэнергия, shq. elektricitet, elektriçist, elektrifikoj,
elektrifikim, elektrike, elektrizoj, elektrizim, elektrodë, elektronik,
elektronikë;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > … > angl. sun, ger. Sonne, holl. zon, serb. sunce
Angl. sun > angl. sunback, sunbaked, sunbath, sunbathe, sunbathed,
sunbather, sunbathing, sunbeam, sunbeamy, sunbelt, sunbird, sunblock,
sunbonnet, sunbow, sunbows, sunburn, sunburned, sunburning, sunburnt, sunburst,
sunchoke, sundae, sundeck, sunder, sundered, sunderer, sundering, sundew,
sundial, sundog, sundown, sundowner, sundry, sunfast, sunfish, sunflower, sung,
sunglow, sunglows, sunk, sunken, sunket, sunlamp, sunland, sunlight, sunlike,
sunlit, sunn, sunned, sunnier, sunniest, sunnily, sunning, sunny, sunporch,
sunproof, sunrise, sunroof, sunroom, sunscald, sunscreen, sunscreening,
sunseeker, sunset, sunshade, sunshine, sunshiny, sunspot, sunstone, sunstroke,
sunstruck, sunsuit, suntan, suntanned, sunup, sunward, sunwise, holl. zonlicht,
zonne-energie, zonnestraal, zonnebloem, zonnebloemolie, zonnedak, zonnesteek,
zonneschijn;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. be like the sun > ger. besonder > angl. asunder,
sunder, sunderance, sundered, sunderer, sundering, ger. absondern, besonders,
Besonderheit, Sonder-, sonderbar, sonderlich;
angl. sun > angl. sing, sang, sung, unsung, ger. singen, sang,
gesungen;
Shq. yll është > turq.
al güneş o > 1. al 2. güneş, güneş ışığı, gün (şiir), güneşlenmek,
güneşlendirmek, güneşte bırakmak, güneşe sermek.
Po kështu,
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll, angl. sun > angl. low, lower, sink, sank, sunk, sunken,
ger. sinken, sank, gesunken, it. sommergere, sommerso, sommergibile (angl.
submarine, fr. mer, it. mare, rus. море, морской, приморский), shq. ul,
ulem, ulje, ulur > ngujim, ngujoj, ngujohem, ngul, ngulem, ngulit, ngulitje,
ngulitur, përul, përulem, përulje, përulem përkul, përkulem, përkulje,
përkulur.
Yll > ger. klein > angl. incline, inclination, kneel, gr.
αποκλίνω, κλίνω, παρεκκλίνω, προσκλίνω, it. inchinare, inchinarsi, inclinare,
inclinazione, inginocchiarsi > angl. knee, fr. genou, gr. vj. γόνυ, γωνία,
gr. e re γόνατο, holl. knie, it. ginocchio, PIE *ǵnéwo-, *ǵónu-, skrt. jānu,
sued. knä, shq. gju, gjunjëzim, gjunjëzohem, gjunjëzuar, etj. Shq. yll >
ger. klein > angl. inclination, it. inclinazione > angl. angulation, it.
angolazione > angl. angle, ankle, it. angolo, lat. angulus. Fjalë të tjera
të prejardhura: it. angolare, angolatura, lat. angularis, angulatus, angulosus,
rus. угол, уголок, угольник, угловой.
Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura
Angl. knee > angl. kneecap, kneejerk, kneepan, knees-up.
Angl. incline > angl. lean. Krhs. angl. slant, slide, slither,
glide, glitch, si dhe angl. slip, slope, slump. Shih edhe angl. collapse, lap,
lapse, skip, skid, lat. lapsus.
Yll > ger. klein > ger. Kleinigkeit, verkleinern, holl.
verkleinen > it. piccolo, lat. paucus > fr. petit > fr. peu, it.
pochezza, pochino, poco. Krhs. ger. verkleinern – shq. zvogëloj, si dhe
zvogëlim, zvogëluar, vogël (i, e), vegjëli.
Shq. yll > angl. low, ger. leise. Lo + -wer > angl. lower
> angl. lowering > angl. below, lowness, lowly. Angl. low >
angl. slow, slowing. Shih ger. leise, klein. Krhs.
Njëjtësi
etimologjike dhe antonimi kuptimore:
it. alto – shq. i ulët.
angl. lower – it. levare.
Shq. yll > e ulët ‘lartësi, cilësi, etj.’ Krhs. njëjtësinë
etimologjike dhe antoniminë kuptimore: Shq. yll > e ulët ‘lartësi, cilësi,
etj.’ > shq. ul > shq. ulem >
shq. lë > angl. leave, left, let, ger. lassen, it. lasciare, shq. lëshoj.
Krhs. angl. leap. Krhs. angl. let – angl. delete dhe angl.
deletion.
Shq. ul > shq. përul > shq. përkul > shq. bërryl.
Shq. ul > shq. ngul > shq. ngulem > shq. ngujohem >
shq. ngujim.
Shq. ul > shq. ngul > shq. shkul.
Shq. ulem = angl. kneel, çek. klečet, fr. agenouiller,
s'agenouiller > it. inginocchiarsi > fr. genou, it. ginocchio, shq. gju.
Shq. yll > e ulët ‘lartësi, cilësi, etj.’ > shq. ul >
shq. ulem > angl. kneel > shq. nylë* > shq. nyje.
Shq. ulem > angl. kneel > angl. knee, ger. Knie > ger.
knien. Fjalë të prejardhura: Knicks, Kniebeugung, kniefällig, kniehoch,
Kniehose, Kniescheibe.
Sued. knäböjning > angl. knob, knot > lat. nodus. A e
shikoni se ku i vjen radha latinishtes nodus? Këtë nodus Eqerem Çabej e mban
për fjalën nga ka ardhur shqipja nyjëzë. Ai thotë te Stud. Gjuh. II, faqe 312
për shqipen yjëzë: se “… G. Meyeri 460 e bashkon etimologjikisht me yll hyll.
….Spiegimi i drejtë gjindet te Jokli: yjëzë variante e nyjëzë-s. Kjo nga lat.
nodus….”
Shq. yjëzë = slovak. uzol, çek. uzel, rus. узел. Edhe slovak. uzol, çek. uzel,
rus. узел na mësojnë se yjë- te yjëzë rrjedh nga shqipja yll! Uz- dhe ny janë
gjymtyrë të vargut të shqipes jam. Shq. nyjëzë = shq. yjëzë.
Fjalë me të njëjtën etimologji kemi angl. angle, ankle, climb, decline,
declination, incline, inclined, inclination, bulg. коляно, çek. náklonnost,
sklon(y), fr. aiguille, genou, genoux, incliner, nodule, nœud, nouer, ger.
Knäuel, knüpfen, Neigung, verknüpfen, Zuneigung, gr. αγκώνας, αγκύλες, αγκύλη,
αγκυλωμένος, αγκυλώνω, γόνυ, γόνατο, κλίση, holl. aaneenknopen, dichtknopen,
knar, nie-, knie, knielen, knoop, knot, knoest, knobbel, knopen, hun. könyökcső
si it. ginocchio, it. angolo, annodare, annodarsi, inchinare, inclinare,
inclinazione, nodo, lat. ac-, acclino, acu-, angulus, decline, genuculum,
inclinabilis, inclinamentum, inclination, inclinativus, inclinatus, inclinis,
-ulus, latv. celis, pol. klękać, klęczeć, kolano, port. agulha, ajoelhar,
joelho, nó, laço, PIE *ang-, *ank-, rum. ac, închina, înclina, îngenunchea, sta
în genunchi, nod, spanj. aguja, hinojo, nudo, anudar, rus. преклонять колени,
становиться на колени, стоять на коленях, колено, кница, наколенник, угольник,
serb. klečati, koleno, slovak. kľaknúť si, kľačať, sloven. naklonjenost, sued.
benägenhet = knäböjning, knäböjande; knäböja, falla på knä, knä, knut, knop,
knast, klunga, knöl, knota, shq. çengel, gju, gjunjëzim, gjunjëzohem,
gjunjëzoj, konop, ngul, ngulje, ngulur, përkul, përkulje, përkulur, shkul,
shkulje, shkulur.
Nga dhjetë rrënjë të shqipes rrjedhin të gjitha fjalët e të gjitha
gjuhëve. Kur thellohesh në vargje të caktuara fjalëformimesh sheh se nocione të
caktuara të fjalëve të një rruge fjalëformimi afrohen me nocione të një rruge
tjetër fjalëformimi. Kështu ndodh edhe me fjalët e mësipërme. Ato rrjedhin nga
shqipja yll njëlloj si mjaft fjalë të tjera që rrjedhin nga po kjo rrënjë, por
përmes një rruge tjetër fjalëformimi që fillon nga shq. yll te angl. lace,
lake, ger. shq. lak, liqen e lidhet me frëngjishten lien … Etimologjia pa Kodin
e Gjuhës Universale për njerëzit është si Arithmetika për Majmunët që nuk dinë
se ç’janë numrat!
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. cycle, wheel, fr. cycle, it. ciclo, lat.
cyclus
Shq. yll > angl. loop, pool, shq. pellg
Egjipt. Ra > fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë
Nocioni i rrumbullakësisë:
Shq. yll >
angl. cycle, wheel, fr. cycle, it. ciclo, lat. cyclus > angl. axle > angl.
axial, axis, it. asse
Alternime yll –
ai
Angl. axle, axis
– shq. bosht
Shq. yll >
angl. loop, pool, shq. pellg > Angl. loop – angl. pool, angl. pool - angl.
pulley, it. puleggia, shq. pulexhë.
Shq. yll >
angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen.
Nocioni i hallkës
Shq. hallkë =
shq. lak (rishkrime). Formën e liqenit ka edhe laku, i atij që i hedhin në fyt
njeriut për ta varur. Shq. yll > angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen
> angl. lace, shq. lak. Shq. lak = lace, -lace te
angl. necklace ‘varëse’.
Formën e
rrumbullakët të yllit, lakut dhe të liqenit e ka edhe gropa, ndaj gropës, vrimë
në anglisht i thonë hole.
Angl. lake –
angl. hole. Një vrimë, gropë edhe liqen bashkë është Kimberly Big Hole. Angl.
lake = angl. cycle (rishkrime). Krahaso
Shq. yll > …
> egjipt. Ra > angl. round, roundness, it. rondo > angl. around,
surround, surrounding, ger. rund, runden, spanj. redonbdo, ronda, rotundo,
rutina. Shih shq. rrotë, rrotull, etj.
Shq. yll > …
> egjipt. Ra > fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë >
fr. tour > fr. retour > parash. > angl. re-, fr. re-, it. ra-, re-,
ri-, shq. ri-. Shih edhe lat. circumvenio > lat. revenio > lat. re- >
angl. re-, fr. re-, it. ra-, re-, ri-, shq. ri-.
Shq. yll > …
> egjipt. Ra > fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > shq.
rrethak, rrethakohem, rrethakoj, rrethakohem, rrethas, përreth.
Shq. yll > …
> egjipt. Ra > fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > shq.
rrethanë, rrethanor.
It. circostanza –
shq. rrethanë > shq. rrethanor.
Modele fjalëformimi
Latinishtja repetitio
– gr. επέτειος që, don të thotë "përvjetor" (ngjarjeje, martese
etj.), por etimologjikisht vjen nga “përsëritje”.
gr. επερωτηση
< angl. report
επερ- te
επερωτηση < repor- si te turqishtja rapor (raport).
anal-, anil-, ano-, anu-,
inel Shq. yll > lat. anulus >
angl. anal > lat. anus. Fjalë të tjera të
prejardhura: fr. anneau, it. anellare, anellino, anello, lat.
anellus, annellus, anularis, anularius, rum. inel, spanj. anillo. Fjalë të
tjera të prejardhura: anoderm, anoperineal, anophony, anophonia, anophonic,
anorectal ( = gr. ορθοπρωκτική > gr. πρωκτός), anorectocolonic, anorectum,
anoscope, anoscopy, anosigmoidoscopy, anospasm, anospinal, anovaginal,
anovesical, anus, anusitis.
Angl. lace, shq. lak – ger. Schlauch. Fjalë të prejardhura: ger.
Feuerwehrschlauch, Gartenschlauch,
Schlauchbrücke, Schlauchsocke. Për analogji me gjarpërin në
kuptimin biblik kemi ger. Schlauch > ger. schlau.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Ger. Schlau – angl. hose, njëlloj si
It. altro – angl. other
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocioni i lidhjes, bashkimit
Shq. yll >
angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen > angl. lace, shq. lak > angl.
link, fr. lier, it. legare, lat. lego > lat. allego, colligo, diligo, eligo,
intellego, lego, neglego, perlego, praelego, relego, seligo, sublego.
shq. yll >
angl. all > angl. collect, lat. colligo. Angl. collect, lat. colligo >
angl. collection, it. collegare, collezione, cogliere, colto,
Lat. intellego
< lat. inter- + lat. lego. Lat. intellego > angl. intellectual,
intellectualism, intellectualize, intelligence, intelligent, it. intelletto,
lat. intellectivus, intellector, intellectus, intellegens, intellegenter,
intellegentia, intelligibilis, intellectualis, intellectualitas, port.
intelecto, rum. înțelept, înțelepciune, înțelege, spanj. intelecto. Krhs. lat.
intellego - angl. ear, shq. hear, shq. dëgjuar dhe shq. vj. endigloj.
Angl. collect,
cogliere i frutti > it. colto, cultura > angl. cult > angl. occultism,
occult, it. occultismo, occulto.
It. cogliere –
sciogliere, lidh - zgjidh , mbledh, mpleks - shpleks. Shih mpleks, mpikset
(gjaku).
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen > angl. lace, shq. lak > angl.
hole, ger. Höhle,
Shq. yll >
angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen > angl. lace, shq. lak > angl.
hollow, ger. hohl, gr. vj. κοῖλος, gr. e re κοίλος, shq. hollë (i), hollësi,
hollët (të), hollim, hollohem, holloj, holluar, hollues,
Shq. yll >
angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen > angl. lace, shq. lak > angl.
hole > shq. lugë, lugët (i, e). Krhs. rus. луг – shq. lug, si dhe
lëndinë, luadh, livadh. Rus. луговой, shq. lugë, i lugët.
Fjalë të
prejardhura nga gr. vj. κοῖλος, gr. e re κοίλος: gr. κοιλάδα, κοιλιά, κοιλιακή
χώρα, κοιλιακός, κοιλότητα. Krhs. shq. qillota.
Angl. hole, ger.
Höhle = ger. Loch (rishkrime). Shq. yll > angl. hole > spanj. hoyo. Ger.
Höhle > ger. höhlen, Höhlung. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl.
shallow, ger. Hohlmass, Hohlweg. Angl shallow > ger. Schale > ger.
schälen, Schalluppe. Krhs. ger. schälen – ger. Schall, shq. shall. Krhs. ger.
Schale – ger. Schall. Fjalë të prejardhura nga ger. Schall:
ger. Schall-, schallen, schallend, Schalmei.
Shq. yll >
angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen >
angl. pool, shq. pellg > angl. pelagic, gr. vj. πελαγικός, πέλαγος, lat. pelagicus, pelagus, spanj.
pelagic, piélago, shq. pellazg, pellazgjisht, pellazgjishte.
Angl. pool, shq.
pellg – gr. λιμάνι (anagrama, rishkrime)
Gr. λιμάνι = heb.
namel (anagrama, rishkrime),
Fjalë të prejardhura:
gr. ελλιμενίζομαι, λιμάνι, λιμενεργάτης, λιμενοφυλακή, λιμνάζοντα ύδατα,
λιμνάζω, λιμνάζων, λίμνη, λιμνοθάλασσα, λιμνούλα, shq. liman.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
lu-, lut-, luto-,
luv- Elemente fjalëformues latin me
kuptime ‘laj; përmbyt’. Etim. Shq. yll
> angl. lace > angl. link, lat. lego, ligo > angl. alloy, ally, fr.
allier, alliance, lier, it. alleare, allegare, legare, port. aliar, liar,
ligar, rum. alega, lega, spanj. aliar, liar, ligar. Lat. diluo ‘shpërbëj; laj’ – gr. διαλύω ‘shpërbëj;
zgjidh’.
Angl. ally, link,
fr. lier, it. legare, lat. lego, ligo - ant. gr. vj. ἀνάλυσις, ἀναλύω, gr. e re. ἀναλύω, διαλύω
> angl. analysis, dialysis > angl. dilute, loosen, gr. vj. λούω, gr. λύω
> gr. επιλύω. Angl. dilute – angl. dissolve.
Angl. dilute – serb. razliti, razlivati. liv te serb. razlivati = angl.
liquid, it. liquido, shq. lëng. Fjalë të prejardhura nga shq. lëng > shq. i
lëngshëm, lëngëzim, lëngëzoj, lëngëzohem, lëngëzuar. It. eliminare – it.
liquidare. Shih serb. razlivati – angl. divide. Shih serb. razlivati, priliv.
Modele
fjalëformimi: angl. liquid – angl. leak, angl. leak - shq. kulloj, angl. leak –
angl. leach njëlloj si angl. break – angl. breach, angl. leach - it. leccare.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocioni i
sfericitetit
Ylli si modeli i trupit më sferik në natyrë
Shq. yll >
angl. ball
Me gjymtyrët e
vargut
bal, bel, bil,
bol, bul, bla, ble, bli, blo, blu, fal, fel, fil, fol, ful, fla, fle, fli, flo,
flu, lop, pal, pel, pil, pol, pul, pla, ple, pli, plo, plu, val, vel, vil, vol,
vul, vla, vle, vli, vlo, vlu, wal, wel, wil, wol, wul, wla, wle, wli, wlo, wlu,
që është një zhvillim i shqipes yll, ndërtohen shumë fjalë që shprehin nocionin
e objekteve sferike, apo nocione të lidhura me sfericitetin.
Angl. ball >
angl;. bole, fr. balle, it. balle, shq. bole, spanj. bala, bola, est. pall, it.
palla, gr. μπάλα
Angl. ball –
slovakisht & serb. lopta (alternim bal – lop).
Shq. yll >
angl. ball > sllav. bal. Fjalë të prejardhura në gjuhët sllave: bulg. бал, бала,
гюлле, кълбо, çek. balíkovat, boule, chuchvalec, koule, klubko, balón, palec,
pol. bałwan, bryła, bryłka, gruzeł, bal,
gałka, kula, kulka, kłębek, piłka, piguła, pigułka, rus. бал, болван, глыба,
кипа, клубок, пальца, пул, serb. bal, bala, gromuljica, grumuljica, lopta,
slovak. bál, klát, guľa, guľka, klbko, lopta, loptička. Shih ball te Etimologji
– lojra leksikore në gjuhët gjermanike.
Shq. yll >
Shq. yll > angl. cycle, wheel, fr. cycle, it. ciclo, lat. cyclus > ger.
Kugel, kugel-, Kugelblitz, kugelrund, Kugelschreiber, kugelsicher, Kugelstoßen.
Shq. yll >
angl. ball, bowl, bullet, globe, shq. glob.
Fjalë të tjera me
të njëjtën etimologji
Bulg. хипербола,
gr. υπερβολή, rus. гипербола, преувеличение, spanj. hipérbole, turq. mübâlâğa.
Shih bal te
Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Fr. plein + d’or
> angl. splendid, splendor, fr. splendide, splendeur, it. splendere,
splendidezza, splendido, splendore.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shih it. spezzare
– angl. split (alternime bal, bel, …- vjen),
it. disfare – it.
spezzare (alternime bërë – vjen).
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
–vall- 1. < holl. vallen, angl. fall, ger. fallen < … >
rus. обваливаться.
-vall- 2. < vol te it.
volvere, lat. volvo < … > bullg. развалям се,
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Në fjalëformimin
e leksikut të gjuhëve kemi lidhje mes nocioneve të sfericitetit, veshjes /
shtresës së jashtme, mbështjelljes, përfshirjes (implikimit), mbulimit dhe
zbulimit, shpalosjes, zhvillimit. Shih
për këtë
shq. yll >
angl. ball > fr. emballer
lat. sim- + il =
is > angl. sample
lat. sim- + il =
is > lat. similis
lat. sim- + il =
is > angl. simple > lat. simplex > elementin fjalëformues –plex >
angl. double, diplex, triplex, lat.
duplex, triplex, etj. > angl. complex
lat. sim- + il =
is > angl. simple > lat. simplex > elementin fjalëformues –plex >
angl. ply, fr. plier, etj.
Njëlloj edhe
angl. veil – angl. unveil, shq. mbuloj – shq. zbuloj, shq. zbuloj – shq.
zhvilloj, shq. zhvilloj – shq. shpalos, shq. shpalos – shq. shpall. Krhs. angl.
cover – angl. uncover, angl. cover – angl. over, angl. over – rus. вверху.
Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. bërë > rus. совершать
Rus. совершать > rus. завершать,
Rus. завершать – serb. затворити.
Serb. затворен – serb. неотворен
Serb. затворен – rus. закрытый (alternime
brenda vargut të shqipes bërë: kri – vor)
rus. закрытый – angl.
secret, it. secreto, shq. sekret
rus. закрывать – angl. cover. Krhs. rus. за- (shih vargu i shq.
jam) nga fjalë si rus. закрывать.
angl. cover – angl. over
rus. завершать – rus. вверху.
Sesi kalohet nga
një trajtë fonetike e fjalëve në neologjizma të reja shiko zhvillimin e vargut
bal, bel, bil,
bol, bul, bla, ble, bli, blo, blu, fal, fel, fil, fol, ful, fla, fle, fli, flo,
flu, lop, pal, pel, pil, pol, pul, pla, ple, pli, plo, plu, val, vel, vil, vol,
vul, vla, vle, vli, vlo, vlu, wal, wel, wil, wol, wul, wla, wle, wli, wlo, wlu.
Ky varg është një zhvillim i shqipes yll.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > it. sole. Për nga forma ylli është një ishull. Për
nga afërsia, një yll është i vetëm.
Shq. yll > angl. isle, it. isola, shq. ishull (një yll në qiell
i ngjan një ishulli në oqean). Shq. yll > angl. isle, it. isola, shq. ishull
> angl. insulate, insulation, isolate, isolation, it. isolamento, isolare,
isolazione.
Shq. yll > angl. isle, it. isola, shq. ishull (një yll në qiell
i ngjan një ishulli në oqean) > angl. insulate, insulation, isolate,
isolation, it. isolamento, isolare, isolazione > fr. seul, it. solo
> it. solista, solitario, solitudine. Solido rrjedh nga solo,
një element monolit (në ndërtim) ndaj dhe solido “i qëndrueshëm”.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Egjipt. Ra > fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë >
angl. around, rotund, round, rounded, roundness, rondure, lat. rotundus, port.
redondo, spanj. redondo, shq. rotondë, rreth. Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura:
abrunden, aufrunden, kreisrund, kugelrund, Rund, Rundbank, Rundbau, Rundbeet,
Rundblick, Rundbogen, Runde, Runderneuerung, Rundfahrt, Rundflug, Rundfrage,
Rundfunk, Rundgang, Rundgesang, rundheraus, rundherum, Rundholz, Rundhorizont,
Rundkurs, Rundlauf, rundlich, Rundreise, Rundruf, Rundschau, Rundschlag,
Rundschreiben, Rundschrift, Rundsicht, Rundspruch, Rundstrecke, Rundstück,
rundum, Rundumschlag, Rundung, Rundwanderweg, rundweg, Rundweg, umrunden,
überrunden.
Egjipt. Ra >
fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > angl. reel, rotator, rotor, fr.
roulette, it. rotaia, rotativo, shq. rotor, rotativ, rrokel, rrotkë.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocioni i
rrotullimit
Shq. yll >
angl. cycle, wheel, fr. cycle, it. ciclo, lat. cyclus > angl. lathe, maori
loto.
… egjipt. Ra >
fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > angl. rotary, rotate, rotating,
rotation, rotator, fr. rouer, it. rotare, rotazione, rotatorio, ruotare, lat.
circumroto, rotatilis, rotator, rotatim, rotatio, rotatus, roto, rotunde, port.
rodar, rotar, rum. rotund, spanj. rodar, rotar, rotundo, shq. rreth, rrotull
> angl. reel, roll, roller, rolling, scroll, scrolling, it. rotolare,
rotolarsi, rotolio, rotolo, rotolone, shq.
rrotullim, rrotullohem, rrotulloj, rrotulluar. Njëlloj edhe shq.
rropulli, rrumbullake, rrumbullakësi, rrumbullakësim, rrumbullakësoj,
rrumbullakët (i, e).
Krhs. … egjipt. Ra > angl. circle, it. circolo > angl. curl,
curling, whirl, whirling, si dhe shq.
yll > angl. cycle, fr. cycle, it. ciclo > angl. coil.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocionet e
ardhjes përqark, rrethimit, vendit të rrethuar
Shq. rreth >
angl. girth, ring, range, region, shq. rrethim, rrethohem, rrethoj, rrethuar,
rrethues.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocioni i kthimit
Egjipt. Ra >
fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > it. ruotare, lat. rotare, roto
> angl. return, returned, returning > angl. turn, turning, fr. tour,
tourner, it. tornare, lat. torno, port. tornar, rum. turnar, spanj, tornar >
it. torno, lat. tornatilis, tornator, tornatura, tornus, port. torno, spanj.
torno, shq. tornator, tornim, torno,
tornuar.
Fr. retourner,
it. ritornare > angl. retreat, fr. retraite.
Krhs. angl. treat
> angl. treatment.
Shih Shq. bërë
> fr. refaire, it. rifare, shq. ribërë > it. vertere, lat. verto, rus.
вертеть, skrt. vartayati.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocioni i rënies
duke u rrotulluar
Egjipt. Ra >
fr. roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > shq. rrotull > shq.
rrokullis, rrokullisje, rrokullisur.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. cycle, fr. cycle, it. ciclo > angl. bicycle, coil, cycl-, cycle,
-cyclic, cyclic, -cyclical, cyclist, cyclo-, cyclone, cylinder, cylindrical,
helianthus, helical, helicase, helichrysum, heliciform, helicine, helicity,
helicobacter, helicoconidium, helicograph, helicogyrate, helicogyre, helicoid,
helicoidal, helicometry, helicon, helicopod, helicopodia, helicopter,
helicospore, helicotrema, helix, hemicycle, megacycle, tricycle, vehicle,
wheel, fr. cycle, cyclique, cycliste, cyclo-, cyclone, hélice, hélicité,
hélicoptère, hélicotrème, hélicoïdal, hémicycle, mégacycle, tricycle, véhicule,
vélo (angl. bicycle), gr. vj. ἕλιξ, κυκλῶ, gr. e re, έλικα, έλικας,
ελικοδρόμιο, ελικοειδής, ελικόπτερο, ελικόρρευμα, ελίκωση, ελίσσομαι, κύκλος,
rus. цикл, цилиндр, цилиндрический; Gr. ελίσσομαι > gr. εξελίσσομαι.
Shq. vjen + cikël
> ve- + -hicule (angl. cycle, fr. cycle, it. angl. véhicule, vélo (angl.
bicycle),
Angl. cycle, it.
ciclo, rus. цикл > bulg. обиколка, rus. колесница, колесо, кольцо, около,
окольный, цикл, циклический, цикличности, цикло-, циклон, çek. & serb.
& slovak. okolo, serb. околишање, околност;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. cycle, wheel; egjipt. Ra > fr. roue;
Angl. cycle >
angl. coil, collar
Gr. gr. κύκλος
> gr. κυκλικά, κυκλική, κυκλικός, κυκλικότητας, κυκλοθυμικός, κυκλοτερής,
κυκλοφορία, κυκλοφοριακός, κυκλοφορώ, κυκλώνας, κυκλώνοντας, κυκλώνω, κύκλος,
κύκλωμα.
Rus. около >
rus. оцепить, оцепление, оцеплять.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. cycle, fr. cycle, it. ciclo > holl. cilinder, fr. cylindrage,
cylindre, cylindrer, cylindreur, cylindrique, gr. κύλινδρος, lat. cylindrus,
rus. цилиндр, цилиндрический, shq. cilinder, kalandër;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. cycle, fr. cycle, it. ciclo, lat. cyclus > angl. circle, ger. herum,
herum-, Kreis, Zirkel, Zirkus, it. circo, circolo, lat. circ-, circum, circum-,
rus. круг, shq. cirk, qark > angl. circlet, circling, circuit, circuitous,
circular, circularity, circulate, circulation, circulatory, circumduction,
circumference, circumferential, circumfix, circumfixation, circumvent,
circumvention, curb, curvature, curve, curved, encircle, kerb, surround,
surrounding, ger. Arbeitskreis, Bezirk, Bezirks-, Kreis-, kreisen, kreisförmig,
Kreislauf, Kreislaufstillstand, kreisrund, Stromkreis, Umkreis, umkreisen,
zirka, Zirkel, Zirkular-, zirkular, zirkulär, Zirkularatmung,
Zirkulardisputation, Zirkulare, Zirkularität, Zirkularnote, zirkularpolarisiert,
Zirkularweg, Zirkulation, Zirkulationsbereich, Zirkulationspumpe, Zirkulator,
zirkulieren, zirkulierend, zirkumaural, Zirkumduktion, zirkumferenziell,
Zirkumfigierung, Zirkumfix, Zirkumflex, Zirkumflexe, zirkumglobal,
zirkumpazifisch, zirkumpolar, Zirkumposition, zirkumpulpal, zirkumskript,
Zirkumskriptionsbulle, Zirkumstanz, Zirkumvallationslinie, Zirkumzenitalbogen,
Zirkumzision, Zirkus, Zirkus-, Zirkusarena, Zirkusartist, Zirkusartistin,
Zirkusclown, Zirkusdarbietung, Zirkusdirektor, Zirkusdirektorin, Zirkuselefant,
Zirkuskarte, Zirkuskasse, Zirkuskünstler, Zirkuskünstlerin, Zirkusleben,
Zirkusmanege, Zirkusmuseum, Zirkusnummer, Zirkuspferd, Zirkuspolka,
Zirkuspublikum, Zirkusreiter, Zirkusreiterin, Zirkusse, Zirkustier,
Zirkusvorstellung, Zirkuswagen, Zirkuszelt, Zirkuszuschauer, it.
accerchiamento, accerchiare, cerchio, circolare, circolare, circolarità,
circolazione, circolo, circondale, circondare, circondario, circonvernire,
circostante, circuito, curva, curvature, lat. circa, circumventio, circumventior,
circumventum, circumventus, curvus, spanj. circunvenir, rus. круг,
круглогодичный, круглолицый, круглосуточный, круглый, круговой, кругооборот,
круговорот, кругозор, кругом, кругообразный, кругообращение, кругосветный,
кружева, кружевной, кружево, кружить, кружиться, кружка, кружок, округ,
округлый, округлять, окружать, окружающий, окружение, окружить, окружной,
окружность, полукруг, полукруглый, serb. круг,
кружнице, окружни, окружује,
shq. kurbë, kurbaturë, qarkim, qarkohem, qarkoj, qarkor, qarkore,
qarkuar, qarkullim, qarkulloj, qarkulluar, përqark, qerthull; Krhs. shq.
bobinë, mbështjell, pështjellim, shtjellë, shtjellim, shtjellojë, shtjellohet,
shtjelluar.
Me të njëjtën
etimologji kemi rus. городить, кругооборот, круговорот, оборот, огораживать,
перегородить janë edhe angl. cohort, court, garden, guard, horticulture,
horticultural, fr. cohorte, cour, ger. Garten, it. coorte, corte, cortile,
orto, lat. cohors, hortensia, hortus, port. coorte, horto, rum, cohortă, curte,
spanj. cohorte, corte, huerto, huerta, rus. когорта, shq. oborr.
Krhs. lat. mentis
– mens, lat. cohors – lat. co- + lat. hortis.
Fjalë të
prejardhura
Fjalë të krijuara
me ndihmën e ger. Garten, Kindergarten, Biergarten, Obstgarten, Ziergarten,
Schrebergarten, Steingarten, Tiergarten, Gärtner, Gartenarbeit, Gartenbau,
Gartenbauausstellung, Gartenbeet, Gartenbohne, Gartenzaun, Gartenzwerg.
Rus. город, serb. grad, shq. gardh.
Angl. court, fr.
cour > angl. courtier, fr. courtisan, courtisane, it. cortigiano, shq.
kurtizane
Nocionet e
ruajtjes dhe të vërejturit
Angl. aware,
awareness, bodyguard, guard, ward, ware,
it. guardaboschi, guardabuoi, guardacaccia, guardacoste, guardafili,
guardalinee, guardamano, guardaparco, guardapesca, guardaroba, guardasala,
guardascambi, guardasigilli, guardaspalle.
Krhs. it.
guardiano – shq. roje dhe shq. ruaj, ruajtës, ruajtur, ruajtje, si dhe
fillrojtës, etj.
Krhs. Krhs. it.
guardiano – shq. roje dhe shq. ruaj, ruajtës, ruajtur, ruajtje, si dhe
fillrojtës, etj.
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. guarded –
shq. ruajtur.
Angl. regard,
regarder, regarding, fr. regard,
regarder, it. guardabile, guardare, guardarsi, guardata, guardingo, guardone,
riguardare, riguardo, riguardoso, shq. gardian.
Krhs. angl. care
– angl. guard. Njëlloj, angl. caretaker
Rus. оборот ka të
njëjtën etimologji me bullg. връщане, въртя (се),
въртене, завъртам (се), обръщам, обръщам се, обрат, обръщане, обърната, поврат,
повъртявам, превръщам (се), çek. obrat,
obracet, obrátit, odvrátit, vrátit, pol. obracać, obracać się, obrócić, obrót,
warzyć, zwarzyć, zwracać, zwrot, zwrócić, rus. вертеть, вертеться,
возвращаться, ворочать, вращать, вращаться, выворачивать, оборот, обратно, обращать,
отвращение, переворачивать, переворачиваться, повернуть, повертывать,
повертываться, поворачивать, поворачиваться, поворот, поворотный, поворот
поворотный, подвернуть, превращать, превращаться, свернуть, serb. navršiti,
obrnuti, obrt, osvrnuti se , osvrt, vrteti, slovak. obracať, obracať sa, obrat,
obrátiť, závrat, që rrjedhin nga angl. revert, it. vertere, lat. verto < shq. ribërë, fr. refaire, it.
rifare. Shih -br-, brat-, -vjer-, -vor-, -vr-, -vrash-, -vrat-, -vrt- te Lojra
Leksikore në gjuhët sllave.
Shih angl. cohort – angl. crew, crowd.
Ger. Kreis- =
ger. zirk-, Zirk-.
Modele fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra >
it. circo, lat. circus > it. arco > angl. arch > angl. archery >
est. kaar, kaarvärav, küüru tõmbama.
Angl. arch =
angl. curve
Angl. bend >
angl. bow
Angl. bow >
angl. bobbin, fr. bobinage, bobiner, bobineur, bobineuse, bobinoir, it. bobina,
shq. bobinazh, bobinë.
Shih pool, spool;
angl. lay > relay – angl. reel.
# Egjipt. Ra > it. circo, lat. circus > lat. circumvenio
> angl. curb, curve, ger. umbiegen > angl. bend, wind.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. crook, rus. искривлять, крюк, скрючивать,
скрючиваться
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > angl. ball
Angl. sun > lat. sinum, sinus > lat. sinuamen, sinuatio,
sinuo, sinuose, sinuosus > angl. insinuate, lat. insinuare, insinuatus.
# Angl. sun > lat. sinus > fr. sein, it. seno, port. seio,
rum. sân. Njëlloj, egjipt. Ra > shq. gji. gjiri.
# Angl. sun > lat. sinus > angl. nose, ger. Nase, holl.
neus, it. naso, lat. nasum, nasus, skrt. násā.
# Angl. sun > math. Angl. sine > angl. cosinus. Angl.
sinuous (1570s), sinusoid (1823), sinusoidal.
# Angl. yll > angl. hole, hollow, ger. Loch
Angl. sun > mjek. Angl. sinus (1590s), lat. sinus. Angl. sinusitis
(1896).
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
… egjipt. Ra > … > lat. circumvenio > angl. curve >
it. curva, curvare, curvarsi. Njëlloj shq. kurbë, kurvë.
It. arco – it. curva
It. inarcarsi – it. curvarsi. Shih –are, -vare te vargu i shq. bërë.
Angl. curve – it. piegare. Fr. plier – it. piegare. Njëlloj edhe
angl. fold, ger. falten, falzen – angl. bend, bending, bow, bowing,
ger. beugen, Beugung, biegen, Biegung, umbiegen > angl. wind,
winding, ger. wenden, Wendung, etj. Shih Etimologji - lojra leksikore në
gjuhët gjermanike: -ben-, bie-, bie- < shq. vjen > si te
ger. biegen, Biegung, umbiegen. Ger. umbiegen = rus. перегибать. Përse? Sepse
ger. sich ergeben, sich hingeben > ger. sich biegen (rishkrime),
gibat’ te rus. перегибать.
Ger. umbiegen > ger. abbiegen, biegen, einbiegen, verbiegen,
Bogen.
Rus. огибать = ger. biegen (anagrama)
Rus. обогнуть = rus. огибать (anagrama)
Krhs. Ger. umkommen = rus. погибнуть
Shq. vjen > çek. oběh, ohyb, ovinutí, věnovat se, rus. изгиб,
огибать.
Ger. sich hingeben = shq. jepem. Ger. sich hingeben = rus.
отдаваться > rus. даваться, shq. dhe, dha, gr. dhoro, it. dono, angl.
donation, etj. > предаваться, сдаваться. Shih
–vate te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhët gjermanike, –vat’
(-вать), –vat’sja (ваться) te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhët
sllave, -vatis te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën greke.
Fjalë të prejardhura në gjuhët sllave: bullg. давам,
поддавам, подарявам, предавам, pol. dawać, dać, nadawać, nadać, podarować,
podawać, podać, poddać się , zadawać, zadać, rus. выдать, давать, дарить, дать,
одаривать, одарять, отдавам, отдавать, передавать, подаваться, подарявам,
податливость, подать, поддавам, предавам, придавать, придать, serb. dati,
davati, zadatak (shih angl. duty, task, fr. devoir,
tâche, lat. debere, taxo, serb. дужност, shq.
detyrë).
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
… egjipt. Ra > angl. circle, it. circolo > angl. curl,
curling, whirl, whirling. Njëlloj edhe shq. kaçurrel, kaçurrela.
Krhs. shq. yll >
angl. cycle, fr. cycle, it. ciclo > angl. coil, si dhe …egjipt. Ra > fr.
roue, it. ruota, lat. rota, shq. rrotë > angl. reel,
… egjipt. Ra > angl. circle, it. circolo + lat. venio, shq.
vjen > angl. whirlwind > angl. wind, fr. vent, ger. Wind, it. vento.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
… egjipt. Ra > angl. circle, it. circolo + lat. venio, shq.
vjen > angl. whirlwind > angl. wind, fr. vent, ger. Wind, it. vento.
… egjipt. Ra > … > lat. circumvenio > angl. winding
Angl. star > … > angl. distort > angl. tortuous.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Lat. circumvenio > angl. crown > gr. vj. κορώνη, gr. e re.
κορώνα, it. corona, lat. corona > it. coronare, coronato, incoronare,
incoronazione > angl. coronagraph. Angl. crown = angl. curve. Nga angl.
crown ‘kurorë’ me kuptimin mbretëri rrjedhin dhe kuptimet e gr. κορυφαίος,
κορυφογραμμή, κορυφώνομαι, κορυφή.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Lat. circ, circum, circum-, circumvenio > dan. om, ger. herum,
herum-, um, um-, umher, umher-, zirkum-, gr. vj. ἀμφί, holl. om, lat. ambi-,
amphi-, skrt. abhi-;
Gr. vj. ἀμφί, lat. ambi-, amphi- > angl. ambiance, ambient,
ambition, ambivert, amphitheatre. Krhs. angl. ambivert, ambiversion,
extroverted, introverted dhe angl. worth, worthless, worthy, ger. Wert, wertlos,
wertvoll.
Për lat. ambo me kuptimin ‘të dy’ shih bicycle = angl. vehicle
> lat. ambi-, ambo- bi- > angl. ambiguous, ambidextrous, ambivalent,
ambivert, both.
Lat. circumvenio > angl. circuit, circuitous, circuitously,
circuitousness, circuitry,
Fjalë të
ndërtuara me parashtesën latine circum-: angl. circumagitate,
circumagitation, circumambience, circumambiency, circumambient,
circumambiently, circumambulate, circumambulation, circumambulator,
circumambulatory, circumantarctic, circumaustral, circumbendibus, circumboreal,
circumcenter, circumcircle, circumcise, circumcised, circumcision, circumduct,
circumduction, circumesophagal, circumference, circumferentia, circumferential,
circumferentor, circumfix, circumflex, circumflexion, circumflexus, circumfluence,
circumfluent, circumfulgent, circumfuse, circumfused, circumfusion,
circumgemmal, circumgyrate, circumgyration, circuminsular, circumintestinal,
circumjacent, circumlocution, circumlocutional, circumlocutionist,
circumlocutious, circumlocutory, circumloquacious, circumlucid, circumlunar,
circumnatant, circumnavigable, circumnavigate, circumnavigation,
circumnavigator, circumnebulous, circumneutrophile, circumneutrophilous,
circumneutrophily, circumocular, circumorbital, circumplanetary, circumpolar,
circumrenal, circumrotate, circumrotation, circumrotatory, circumscribe,
circumscribed, circumscriber, circumscript, circumscription, circumscriptus,
circumsolar, circumspect, circumspection, circumspectness, circumsphere,
circumstance, circumstantial, circumstantiality, circumstantially,
circumstantially, circumstantiate, circumstantiation, circumstellar,
circumterrestrial, circumvallate, circumvallation, circumvascular, circumvent,
circumvention, circumventive, circumvolute, circumvolutio, circumvolution,
circumvolve, circumvolving.
Pas
shembullit të fjalëformimit të ndajfoljeve dhe parafjalëve lat. circum,
circum-, etj. > ger. herum, herum- dhe zirkum- > ger. her-, herab-,
heran-, herauf-, heraus-, herbei-, herein-, hernieder-, herüber-, herum-,
herunter-, hervor-, herzu-. Ger. herum, herum-, zirkum- > um, um-, umher,
umher-.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e parashtesave gjermane herum-,
umher-, um-, zirkum-:
Ger. herum-: ger. herumärgern, herumdrehen, herumfahren,
herumführen, herumgehen, herumkommandieren, herumkommen, herumlaufen,
herumlungern, herumschlagen, herumsein, herumsitzen, herumsprechen,
herumstöbern, herumtreiben;
Ger. um-: umändern, umarmen, Umbau, umbenennen, umbiegen,
umbinden, umblicken, umblättern, umbringen, Umbruch, umbuchen, umdatieren,
umdenken, umdrehen, umeinander, umfahren, umfallen, Umfang, umfassen, Umfeld,
umformen, Umfrage, umfunktionieren, umfüllen, Umgang, Umgangs-, umgarnen,
umgeben, umgehen, umgekehrt, umgestalten, umgraben, Umhang, umhauenumhören,
umjubeln, umkehren, umkippen, umklappen, Umkleidekabine, umknicken,umkommen,
umkommen, Umkreis, Umlauf, Umlaut, umlegen, umleiten, umliegend, ummodeln,
umnachtet, umpflanzen, umpflügen, umrechnen, umreißen, umrennen, umringen,
Umriss, umräumen, umrühren, umrüsten, ums, umsatteln, Umsatz, umschalten,
Umschlag, umschreiben, umschulen, Umschweif, Umschwung, umschütten, umsehen,
umseitig, umsetzen, Umsicht, umsiedeln, umso, umsonst, Umstand, Umstandskleid,
umstehend, umsteigen, umstellen, umstimmen, umstoßen, umstritten, Umsturz, umständehalber,
umständlich, umsäumen, Umtausch, umtopfen, Umtrunk, umtun, umwandeln, Umweg,
Umwelt, umwelt-, umwenden, umwerben, umwerfen, umwickeln, Umwälzung, Umzäunung,
umziehen, umzingeln, Umzug. Krhs. Angl. circumstance – ger. Umstand.
Ger.
umher-: ger. umherfahren, umhergehen,umhergetrieben, umherirren,
umherjagen, umherlaufen, umherspähen.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. bën = shq. vjen
Ger. umherfahren = lat. circumvenio
Lat. circumferentia = lat. circumventio
Shq. bërë > ger. fahren.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Lat. circumvenio > it. orbitare > angl. orbit, it. orbita,
orbitale, lat. orbis.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. circle, it. cerchio, circo, lat. circum, shq. cirk, qark
> gr. gyr-, gyro- > angl. girdle, it. aggirare, girabile, giradischi,
giradito, giramento, giramondo, girandola, girandole, girante, girare,
girarrosto, girarsi, girasole, girata, girato, giratorio, giratubi, giravolta,
girella, girello, girevole, girino, giro, giro, gironzolare, gr. γυρεύω, γύρη, γυρίζω,
γύρισμα, γυρισμένος, γυρισμός, γυριστός, γυρνάω, γυρνώ, γυρολόγος, γύρος,
γυρτός, γύρω. Gr. gyro- > gr. peri-.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Lat. circumvenio > lat. revenio > lat. re- > angl. re-,
fr. re-, it. ra-, re-, ri-, shq. ri-.
Fjalë të
ndërtuara me këto parashtesa
Angl. reactivate, reallocate, rearrange, reassign, reborn, recall,
recover, recreate, redo, reform, regroup, rehouse, reintegrate, rekindle,
relist, remake, renew, reopen, reread, rerun, resell, retake, revisit, rewind,
it. raddoppiare, raffermare, raffermarsi, reincaricare, reindirizzare,
reindustrializzare, reinizializzare, reinstallare, reinstaurare, reintegrare,
riaccreditare, riacutizzare, riadattare, riaffittare, riaggravare,
riambientarsi, rianalizzare, riannettere, riannunciare, riappaltare,
riapparire, riapprovare, riassegnare, riassicurare, ribere, ribollire,
ricandidarsi, ricapitalizzare, ricedere, richiedere, riclassificare,
ricolonizzare, ricompilare, riconciliare, ricondurre, riconfezionare,
ricongelare, ricongiungere, riconsacrare, riconvocare, ricopiare, ricostruire,
ricristallizzare, ridecorare, ridigitare, ridiscutere, riedificare, rieducare,
riemergere, riemigrare, riesportare, riesporre, rietichettare, rievocare,
rifare, rifasciare, rifiorire, riforestare, riformare, rigermogliare,
rilocalizzare, rimasticare, rimemorare, rimenare, rimeritare, rimontare,
rimutare, rindurire, rinomare, rioperare, riordinare, riorganizzare,
riottimizzare, ripiegare, riplasmare, ripolarizzare, riprivatizzare, riquadrare,
risaldatura, risalire, risigillare, risorgere, risovvenirsi, ristagnare,
ristrutturare, ristuccare, ritelefonare, ritentare, ritornare, ritradurre,
ritrovare, riutilizzare, rivaccinare, rivalorizzare, rivitalizzare.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Lat. circ-, circum- > angl. ring > angl. range, rank, it.
rango > angl. arrange, arrangement, it. arrangiamento, arrangiare,
arrangiarsi.
# Shih shq. bërë, heb. bara, fr. faire, it. fare > fr. refaire,
it. rifare, shq. ribërë > lat. reverto > lat. vertere, verto, rus.
вертеть
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Rus. ворот, serb. obratno, obratnost, vraćati, vratiti, skrt.
vartayati, etj. Krhs. Angl. return – turn.
-br-, brat-, -vjer-, -vor-, -vr-, -vrash-, -vrat-, -vrt- <
angl. revert, it. vertere, lat. verto < … > bullg. връщане, въртя
(се), въртене, завъртам (се), обръщам, обръщам се, обрат, обръщане, обърната,
поврат, повъртявам, превръщам (се), çek. obrat, obracet,
obrátit, odvrátit, vrátit, pol. obracać, obracać się, obrócić, obrót,
warzyć, zwarzyć, zwracać, zwrot, zwrócić, rus. вертеть, вертеться,
возвращаться, ворочать, вращать, вращаться, выворачивать, оборот, обратно,
отвращение, переворачивать, переворачиваться, повернуть, повертывать,
повертываться, поворачивать, поворачиваться, поворот, поворотный, поворот
поворотный, подвернуть, превращать, превращаться, свернуть, serb. navršiti,
obrnuti, obrt, osvrnuti se , osvrt, vrteti, slovak. obracať, obracať sa, obrat,
obrátiť, závrat.
Serb. obratno = rus. наоборот.
* * *
Shq. yll
> angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Angl. cycle, lat. cyclus – angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq.
liqen
Shq. yll > angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen > angl.
lace, shq. lak > angl. link, fr. lier, it. legare, legato, lat. leg-, lego, lig-, ligo, shq. lidh, lidhje, lidhur
(i, e).
Nga fjalët e mësipërme dhe kuptimet e tyre rrjedhin
elementet fjalëformues latine -lect-, -lectic, -lection, leg-,
legi-, -lego, -ligi-, -lig-,
lat. allego, intellego, neglego, perlego, praelego, relego,
seligo, sublego si dhe
lat. diligo, colligo, deligo, circumligo, eligo, obligo, praeligo,
religo, subligo.
# Shq. yll > ... shq. lak > shq. lakoj, lakim, lakuar (i, e)
Alternime vargu bal, bel, … - yll
Angl. flexion – shq. lakim
Elementet fjalëformuese latine flect-, flex- ‘përkul’ > angl.
circumflex, circumflexion, deflect, deflection, flex, inflect, inflection,
reflection.
* * *
Shq. yll
> angl. all, ger. All, alles
Angl. sun
> angl. sum
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Nocioni i gjithësisë, plotësisë, shumës, shumëzimit, bollëkut,
pasurisë
Shq. yll >
angl. all, ger. All, alles > rus. целое, целый, serb.
цео > rus. всецело > rus. весь, всякий, все, вся, serb.
сав, све.
Shq. yll >
angl. all, ger. All, alles > angl. full, fr. plein, ger. voll, it. pieno,
rus. полный, shq. boll, plot, plotë (i) > angl. complement, complete,
completed, completion, compliment, fill, fulfill, ger. erfüllen, erledigen,
vollbringen, vollziehen, Welt, Weltall, it. compiere, compimento,
complementare, completare, supplement, lat. complementum, complere, rus.
вполне, выполнить, выполнять, заполнить, заполнять, заполниться, заполняться, полнеть, полнить, полниться, полномочие,
полноправный, полностью, полнота, полноценный, shq. boll, bollëk, bollshëm (i),
plotë (i), plotësim, plotës, plotësisht, plotësoj, plotësuar, plotësues. Shih
shq. yll > lat. similis > lat. simplex > angl. ply, lat. –plex, etj.
Rus. большой –
shq. i bollshëm
Rus. полный >
выполнение, выполнимый, выполнять, выполняться, восполнить, дополнение,
дополнительно, дополнительный, дополнить, дополнять, заполнить, заполниться,
заполнять, заполняться, исполнение, исполнитель, исполнительница,
исполнительный, исполнить, исполниться, исполнять, исполняться, наполнять,
наполняться, перевыполнить, перевыполнять, переполненный, переполнить,
переполнять, полнейший, полнеть, полниться, полно, полновесный, полноводный,
полнокровный, полнолуние, полнометражный, полномочие, полномочный,
полноправный, полностью, полнота, полноценность, полноценный, полночь, полный,
пополнение, пополнеть, пополнить, пополнять, пополняться.
Rus. полнеть >
rus. ляпнуть, пухлый (anagrama, rishkrime)
Ger. Welt >
angl. world, holl. wereld (alternime bërë – vjen).
Shq. yll >
angl. all, ger. All, alles > angl. full, ger. voll > ger. viel > it.
molto, lat. *mult- .
Alternime brenda
vargut bal, bel, bil, …
Fr. plein – ger.
voll (alternim ple – vol),
fr. plein – shq.
plot (alternim (ple – plo).
Angl. full
– fr. plein (alternim ful – ple).
Angl. full – ger.
voll (alternim full – voll).
Angl. full – shq.
plot (alternim ful – plo).
Shq. yll > angl.
all, ger. All, alles > angl. full, fr. plein, ger. voll, it. pieno, rus.
полный, shq. boll, plot, plotë (i) > gr. πλούσια,
πλούσιος, πλούτη, πλουτίζω, πλούτο, πλούτος shq. bollëk, bollshëm (i).
Angl. sun >
angl. sum > angl. summary, ger. sämtlich, insgesamt, it. somma, sommario,
lat. summa, summarium, summatim, summatus, shq. shumë, shumës, shumëzim,
shumëzohet, shumëzoj, shumëzuar, shumëzues
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. all, ger. All, alles > angl. full, ger. voll > angl. hyperbole, gr.
υπερβολικός ‘super full’ > rus. великий > bulg. увеличавам (се),
rus. великий, великодушный, великолепный, величественный, увеличение.
Shq. yll >
angl. all, ger. All, alles > angl. full, ger. voll, shq. plot > rus.
больше, большевик, больший, большинство, большой, более, большой. Vargu rus.
–bol-, –cjell-, -bol-, vjel-, -vlje-, –poll-.
Angl. full – ger.
voll – rus. большой. Rus. большой > rus. небольшой.
Krhs. Angl.
majestic, rus. величественный > it. gesto > angl. gesticulate, gesticulative, gestural, gesture, it. gesta, gesticolare,
gesto, lat. gesticulari, gesticulatus,
shq. gjest. Kurse lat. gerere, gero, it.
gerire < prapash. it. -gare < it. fare, shq. bërë. Prandaj, lat. gerere
është sinonim me lat. fero, porto (dhe veho sic! < shq. vjen).
Fjalë të
prejardhura: lat aggero, congero,
digero, egero, gerundium, gerundus, gesto, ingero, intergero, regero, se gero,
suggero .
Për analogji të
lat. gero – lat. gestum kemi lat. suggero > angl. suggest.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
–vjel- < angl. full, ger. voll, shq. plot
< … > bulg. увеличавам (се), rus. великий, великодушный, великолепный,
величественный, увеличение.
-vlje- < angl. full, ger. voll, shq. plot
< … > rus. удовлетворять. Vargu rus. –bol-, –cjell-, -bol-, vjel-, -vlje-, –poll-.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll >
angl. full > angl. split
Angl. split – it.
spezzare. Shih it. pezzo.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. sun >
angl. sum > angl. summary, ger. sämtlich, insgesamt, lat. summa, summarium, summatim, summates, shq. shumë,
shumës, shumëzim, shumëzohet, shumëzoj, shumëzuar, shumëzues
* * *
Shq. yll
> gr. προέλευση < shq. ‘më parë ylli qe’, rus. начало
Shq. yll –
ger. Quelle
Shq. ai
> sllav. po- > serb. početak. Shih vargun e shqipes ai. #
Egjipt. Ra
> angl. origin, fr. origine, gr. αρχή, it. origine, lat. origo, shq. hyrje
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > rus. начало > rus. начинать, начинаться,
начинающий.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin, fr. origine, gr. αρχή, it. origine,
lat. origo, shq. ardhje, hyrje > angl. originate, generate > gr. γεννώ
> gr. γυναίκα, γυνή > gr. ανδρόγυνος > gr. άνδρας > gr. άνθρωπος
> gr. επανδρώνω, επανδρώ > gr. παντρεύω, υπανδρεύομαι, υπανδρεύω,
πανδρεύομαι. Gr. γεννώ > angl. genus, gr. γένος.
… gr. αρχή > gr. έναρξη, πρωταρχικός, απαρχή,
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra – shq. hyrje
Lat. in- - shq. hymje, hyn
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. generate > angl. generation, it. genero, lat.
gen-,gener-, genit-, geno-, genit-, gener-, -gen > genitalia, shq.
gjenitale.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl origin, rus. рождение.
Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. horizont, horizontal,
horizontality, orient, orientate, origin, originate, raw, rough, rude (dhe
dure), zone, gr. αρχίζω, gr. ζώνη, οριακά, οριακός, ορίζοντας, οριζόντιος,
όριο, ορισμένος, ορισμός, περιορίζω, it. orientale, orientamento, orientare,
orientarsi, orientativo, oriente, orizzonte, orizzontale, orizzontalità,
orizzontarsi, rus. изуродовать, инородный, кислород, кислородный, прирожденный,
разнородный, разродиться – разрозненный, родившийся, роддом, родильный, родимый, родина, родинка,
родитель, родительница, родительский, родить, родиться, родич, родненький,
родник, родниковый, роднить, родничок, родной, родня, родовой, рододендрон,
родоначальник, родос, родословный, родственник, родственница, родственничек,
родственный, родство, рожать, рождаемость, рождать, рождаться, рождение,
рожденье, рожденный, рождество, роженица, самородок, сероводород,
сероводородный,сковородка, сковородник, etj, shq. horizont, horizontal,
orientim, orientoj, orientuar (i, e), zonë, zonal.
# Arch- , archi- Parash.
greke = lat. origin < …. From Latin
archi- < Ancient Greek ἀρχι- (archi-) < ἄρχω (archō, “to begin, to lead,
to rule, to govern”). Fjalë të formuara me ndihmën e gr. arch-, archi-: angl.
archangel, archbishop, archdeacon, archdean, archdemon, archdevil, archdiocese,
archdruid, archduke, archenemy, archfiend, archrival, archnemesis, gr. vj. ἄρχω.
E kryera ἦρχα = έρχο- te έρχομαι, < gr. διέρχομαι = ger. durchkommen <
lat. inter + angl. come, ger. kommen < -men < shq. vjen.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. arise, Orient, orient, origin, originate,
generate, generation, rise, source (dhe search), fr. origine, ger. Herkunft,
Urzeit, gr. αρχή, it. origine, lat. aurora, origo, spanj. origen, sued.
origo.
Rus. рождение > rus. выродок, порода, природа, род, роддом,
родина, родитель, родительный, родник, родной, родовитый, родовой, родом,
родство, сродни, урод.
Rus. прирожденный > rus. природа.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl origin > angl. horizon > gr. ορίζω >
rus. граница, граничить, край,
ограниченный > fr. dehors, hors de > lat. foris > angl.
foreign.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. origin – fr. racine; fr. racine – shq. rrënjë; Shq. rrënjë –
shq. rrëzë; Lat. radix – lat. radius; Shq. rreze – shq. rrëzë;
Angl deracinate – fr. déraciner; angl. eradicate, erase < it.
sradicare le radici, angl. take out the root; lat. radere – it. rodere; angl.
raid - lat. radere; it. rodere – it. rompere; angl. erode - it. erodere; angl.
erosion – it. erosione; it. uno, shq. një – lat. integer; it. aggregare,
gregge, integrare,…
Modele
fjalëformimi
Gen-, -gen-, -gen, gjen-, -gjen-, -gjen, rus. нач- <
togfjalëshi q’jam. Elemente fjalëformues, rrënjë, parashtesë dhe prapashtesë,
që ka marrë kuptimin ‘lindje; lloj, racë; lind”. Rrënja ‘gen’ e greqishtes
rrjedh nga shqipja JAM dhe togfjalëshi “që jam”, njëlloj si angl. kin, dhe kin-
te kind, dhe si rus. нач- te rus. начало. Gin te angl. origin > gr.
γεννιέμαι, γεννώ. Shih për këtë togfjalësh më poshtë te shqipja JAM.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin, fr. origine, gr. αρχή, it. origine,
lat. origo, shq. hyrje > it. ragione, ger. Grund > it. razionale = it.
ragionevole . lat. ratio - angl. reason, fr. raison, it. ragione, shq. arsye.
lat. ratio - ger. Urteil, shq. urtësi. shq. arsye = shq. urtësi. Fjalë të tjera
të prejardhura. angl. reasonable, reasonability, angl. rational, rationality,
rationalization, rationalize, it. ragionamento, ragionare, ragionativo,
ragionatore, ragionevole, ragioneria, ragionere, razionale,
razionalmente, razionalità, razionalismo, razionalista. razionale, lat. ratio, rationalis, rationem,
rationis, arsyetim, arsyetoj, arsyetuar, racionalizim, racionalizoj,
racionalizator. Shq. arsye = angl. reason, fr. raison, it. ragione. Shq. arsye
+ të = urtësi. Shq. urtësi > shq. i, e urtë.
Angl. reason – fr. raison; Angl. reason – it. ragione; Angl.
reason – rus. разум;
Rus. разум > çek. razuméti, serb. razumeti, razumjeti.
Rus. разум > rus. размышлять, размышление > rus.
бессмысленно, бессмысленный, замысел, измышление, мысленный, мыслимо, мыслимый,
мыслитель, мыслительно, мыслительный, мыслить, мысль, мыслящий, мышление,
немыслимо, немыслимый, смыслить, смысл , неумышленно, неумышленый, осмысленно,
осмысленность, осмысленный, осмыслять, помысел, помышление, помышлять,
размышлять, смышлёный, умысел, умышленно, умышленый, умышлять, мысленно,
sloven. misel. Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura: благоразумие. Krhs. angl. mind, remind, ger. wissen, it. mente, holl. weten, lat. amens, amentia,
demens, dementia, mentalis, mens, mentio, mentior, rum. minte, rus. внимание,
мнение, skrt. mana, maanasa, maanasaaH,
maanasaH, maanasaM , maanasika, spanj. mente, shq. mend, mendim, mendohem,
mendoj, menduar, përmend, përmendje, përmendore, përmendur.
Shih më poshtë it. pesare – angl. weight. It. pensare – ger.
wissen, holl. weten.
Angl. mind, it. mente, lat. mentis, skrt. mana – angl. human, man, -man, men,
woman, ger. Mensch, holl. man, ger. Mann, Mensch, it. uomo, lat. humanus, nor.
mann, rus. avestan manuš, skrt. mana.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me angl. man: angl. airman, barman, caveman,
fireman, foreman, headman, hitman, manful, manhood, mankind, manly, policeman,
seaman, woman, yes-man, lat. homo-, hom-, hum-, skrt. maanavaaH , mānuṣ.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me lat. homo-, hom-, hum-: angl.
dehumanization, dehumanize, humanitarian, homage, homicidal, homicidaly,
homicide, homiculture, hominid, hominivorus, hominoid, hominzation, humane,
humanely, humaneness, humanitarian, humanitarianism, humanitarism, humanism,
humanist, humanity, humanize, inhuman, inhumanely, superhuman, theohuman,
transhumance, transhumant, ger. Humanismus, Humanist, humanistisch, it.
umano, lat. humus, shq. humus, shq.
human, humanist, humanizëm.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl. –archic, -archical, -archism, -archist,
-archy, origin, gr. vj. ἀρχι-, ἄρχω ‘filloj, drejtoj; qeveris’, lat. arch- ,
-arch, archi-. Fjalë të formuara me ndihmën e gr. arch-, archi-: angl.
archangel, archbishop, archdeacon, archdean, archdemon, archdevil, archdiocese,
archdruid, archduke, archenemy, archfiend, archrival, archnemesis, gr. vj. ἄρχω.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. originate – angl. generate
angl. originate, generate – angl. create
angl. originate – angl. germinate
Angl. germinate > angl. germ, germination
Krhs. shq. mbin, mbij, mbirje, mbirë.
Shih më poshtë te shq. bërë
Egjipt. Ra > it. creare
Egjipt. Ra > it. creatore
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin, it. origine, lat. origo > angl.
originate, generate > angl. race, root, fr. racine, lat. radix > angl
deracinate, eradicate, erase, erode, erosion, raid, fr. déraciner, it. erodere,
erosione, rodere, lat. radere. Lat. radix > lat. radius > angl. radiance,
radiant. Krhs. ardent. Angl radiant – rus. радостный.
Angl. origin – fr. racine; Fr. racine – shq. rrënjë; Shq. rrënjë –
shq. rrëzë; Lat. radix – lat. radius; Shq. rreze – shq. rrëzë; Angl. reason –
fr. raison; Angl. reason – it. ragione; Angl. reason – rus. razum; Angl
deracinate – fr. déraciner; angl. eradicate, erase < it. sradicare le
radici, angl. take out the root; lat. radere – it. rodere; angl. raid - lat.
radere; it. rodere – it. rompere; angl. erode - it. erodere; angl. erosion –
it. erosione
Modele
fjalëformimi
Nocioni i kërkimit; kërkoj. Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin, it.
origine, lat. origo > angl. source > angl. search, seek, fr. chercher,
it. cercare, ger. suchen, it. chiedere, richiedere, lat. quaero, spanj. querer,
querido. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. acquire, care, caress, cure, inquire,
require, fr. requérir, it. accarezzare, carezza, caro, cura, curare, lat.
acquire, conquiro, conqueror, exquiro, inquiro, perquiro, require, requisitum,
spanj. adquirir, inquirer, querido, requerir. Krhs. lat. quaeso – angl. seek –
ger. suchen, rus. искать – angl. seek, ger. suchen, rus. поиск - angl. search.
Shih rus. разыскивать.
Modele fjalëformimi
Egjipt Ra > it. circo > it. cercare, njëlloj si lat. intra –
it. entrare, lat. extra – it. estrarre.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin > angl. source > angl. search
Egjipt. Ra > fr. riche – fr. chère (anagrama)
Fr. chère – it. caro
Spanj. querido – it. caro
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. search – rus. искал > rus. искать, njëlloj si
Angl. concluded - rus. кончал > rus. кончать
Fjalë të prejardhura
Rus. искать > rus. обыск, обыскать, обыскивать, поиск,
поискать, поисковый
Rus. кончать > rus. заканчивать, заканчиваться, заключать,
заключение
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. conclusion – rus. заключение
Modele antonimie
Fr. clé – shq. çelës
Angl. close – shq. çel
Angl. conclusion – shq. çelje
Shih fr. clé > fr. clef > gr. κλεπτώ.
Modele
fjalëformimi
acri- Lat. i mprehtë; i
hidhur’. Etim. acri- < gr. arqhi, njëlloj si angl. origin. Shih. acer,
acris. Shembuj: acrid, acrimony. Shih acro-.
acro- Gr. lartësi; majë.
Etim. gr. vj. ἄκρος "i lartë; ekstrem’ < gr. arqhi, shq. krye <
egjipt. Ra, njëlloj si angl. origin. Shembuj: angl. acrobatics, acromegaly,
acronym, acrophobia. Shih acri-.
Modele
fjalëformimi
acr(o)- Gr. vj. ἄκρος <
angl. Orient, orient, origin, originate, generate, source (dhe search), fr.
origine, ger. Herkunft, Urzeit, gr. αρχή, it. origine, lat. aurora, origo,
spanj. origen, sued. Origo, shq. krye < egjipt. Ra. Shih rrënjën e Kodit të
Shqipes ar. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. acrobat, acrobatic, acrobatics,
acrobats, acrocentric, acrocentrics, acrodont, acrogen, acronym, acronymic,
acrophobe, acrophobia, acropolis, original, originator, origination, resource,
etj. Krhs. shq. ar, egjipt. Ra – gr. αρχή, lat. origo, shq. yll – ger. Quelle.
Shih ager-, agr-, agri-, agro- te
Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine.
Modele
fjalëformimi
ager-, agr-, agri-, agro-
Agro apo agrikultura shënon fillimin e epokës së një shoqërie të
civilizuar. Agro- (në kohë) = acro- (në hapësirë). Fjalë të prejardhura: angl.
agriculture, ger. Acker, Ackerbau, ackern, gr. αγρός, it. agraria, lat.
agrarius, agricultura, agrosus. Shih acr(o)-
te Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhën greke. Shih angl. eager, shq.
i egër.
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. ball
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Shq. yll > angl. ball ‘top’ > angl. bale, balloon, blob,
block, boil, bulge, bulk, bullet, bullet, clod, clot, clump, dollop, dumpling,
globe, globe, hulk, loop, lump, pellet, pill, pool, swallow, swell,
swelling, fr. balle, ballon, boule, boulette, ger. Balg, Ball, Ball,
Ballen, Ballon, Beule, Block, Geschwulst, Globus, Klecks, Klotz, Klumpen,
Knolle, Knäuel, Kugel, Pille, Schleife, schlucken, schwellen, Schwellung, holl.
baal, bal, boel, buil, gezwel, klomp, klont, kluit, knobbel, lomperd, it.
palla, palle, sued. bal, boll, glob, kula, shq. ballo (dëng duhani, leshi,
pambuku, etj. ), bole.
Fr. boule > angl. boil, boiler, fr. bouillir, bouillonner, it.
bollire.
Angl. boil > angl.
turmoil (M = Ë).
Shih vargun
bal, bel, bil, bol, bul, bla, ble, bli, blo, blu, fal, fel, fil, fol,
ful, fla, fle, fli, flo, flu, lop, pal, pel, pil, pol, pul, pla, ple, pli, plo,
plu, val, vel, vil, vol, vul, vla, vle, vli, vlo, vlu, wal, wel, wil, wol, wul,
wla, wle, wli, wlo, wlu te Kodi i Gjuhës Shqipe.
# Ven, ven-, vin,
vin-, win-, etj. + yll, ball, -ball-, -vol- > angl –volve.
Fr. emballer,
emballage, déballer. Fr. emballer – shq. mbuloj.
Angl –volve >
lat. advolvo, circumvolvo, convolvo, devolvo, evolvo, involvo, obvolvo,
provolvo, revolvo, subvolvo, volvo. Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura: angl.
devolve, evolve, involve, involvement, revolute, revolution, revolve,
revolving, eston. võlvkaar, pöiavõlv, võlvima, it. avvolgere, avvolgibile,
avvolgimento, coinvolgere, coinvolgimento, coinvolto, rivolgere, rivolgersi,
rivolgimento, rivolto, svolgere, volgersi, volgibile, volgimento, volta,
voltare, port. revolver, spanj. revolver, shq. revolucion.
It. involvere =
it. implicare. Njëlloj si
Lat. revolvere –
it. rivolgere.
Shih për këtë
vargun e shqipes bërë.
Angl.
develop, fr. développer, it. sviluppare.
Angl. develop –
shq. shpall, shpallje, shpalos, shpalosje, zbulim, zbuloj, zhvillim, zhvilloj.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
-vill- 3. rus. развил = ger. bildete aus (ausbilden) < angl.
develop, reveal < … Krhs. me çek. vypracovat, vyvolat, rozvířit, rozvířit
se, rozpracovat, tvořit se, sued.
utveckla, utarbeta, utbilda, arbeta upp, exploatera, bygga ut, utvecklas,
utveckla. Shih –vi-.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. explain
– angl. imply. Angl. imply – fr. impliquer, fr. impliquer – lat.
involvere (involvo). Angl. involve – lat. involvere. It. involgere – lat.
involvere. Angl. envelope, fr. envelopper – lat. involvere, angl. veil -
lat. involvere. Angl. fold, veil, it. velo, shq. palë, vello. Shq. palë – palë
– shq. fletë – fletë, angl. flat, ger. flach, fr. plat, shq. fletë, palë.
Angl. fold, veil – angl. unfold, unveil (Antonime). Angl. develop, unfold,
unveil, ger. entfalten, it. devolvere, svolgere. Angl. imply – angl. employ
(shih involve), fr. impliquer – fr. expliquer (Antonime), angl. develop -
it. svolgere, it. involto > it. volto ‘fytyrë’, angl. bundle – it.
involto.
Angl. envelop -
shq. mbështjell. Shq. mbështjell > shq. mbështjellë, mbështjellës,
mbështjellëse, mbështjellje, mbështjellur, pështjell, pështjellak, pështjellas,
pështjellë, pështjellizë, pështjellje,
pështjellim, pështjellohem, pështjelluar. Shq. mbështjell = shq. mbuloj.
# Shq. yll, ai
> parashtesa dhe prapashtesa angl.
-some, ger. kom-, –sam, gr. homo-, holl. –zaam, sim-, sin-, sy-, syl,
sym-, syn-, sys-, lat. co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-, skrt. sám-, parafj.
PIE*sem-, mbiem. gr. ὁμός, ndajf. ang. same, PIE*sem-, lidh. lat. cum.
Fjalë të prejardhura:
angl. together, ger. zusammen, zusammen-, samen-, resemble,
same, sameness, seem, similar, similarity, çek. sám, fr. semblable,
sembler, ressembler, vraisemblable, holl. samen, gr. ὁμός, it. sembrare,
similarmente, similarità, simile, lat. dissimilis, homo-, semel, similo,
simulo, rus. тот же самый, serb. samo, spanj. símil. Njëlloj edhe angl.
simplex, single, singular, singularity.
Simal-, simil-,
simul-, -semble Lat. similis < sim = il + is. Lat. similis > angl.
simple, lat. simplex. Lat. similis > angl. angl. sample > angl. example,
lat. exemplum, > it. esempio. Lat.
similis, it. simile > angl. simultaneous, it. simultaneo > it. coetaneo
> gr. έτος,
it. età, shq. jetë, jetësor, përjetësi, përjetshëm (i), përjetim, përjetoj,
përjetuar.
Njëlloj edhe angl. simplex, single, singular, singularity,
singularize, fr. simple, it. semplice, semplicità, lat. simplicitas,
simpliciter, simplus, singularis, singulus. Lat. similis > lat. simplex.
Fjalë të tjera të
prejardhura: angl. assemblage, assemble,
assembly, assimilable, assimilate, assimilation, assimilationism, assimilative,
assimilatory, dissemble, dissembler, dissimilar, dissimilarity, dissimilarly,
dissimilate, dissimilation, dissimilitude, dissimulate, dissimulation,
dissimulative, dissimulator, resemblance, resemble, semblance, similar,
similarity, similarly, simile, simple, simplicity, simplified, simplify,
simulacrum, simulate, simulation, simulative, simulatively, simulator,
simultanagnosia, simultaneity, simultaneous, simultaneously.
Gr. ὁμός – ger. –sam, holl. –zaam (anagrama)
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e ger. –sam > ger. arbeitsam,
aufmerksam, bedeutsam, einsam, gehorsam, gemeinsam, gleichsam, langsam, mühsam,
seltsam, schweigsam, wachsam, wirksam, sued. ensam, gemensam,
gynnsam, hjälpsam, lyckosam, långsam, omtänksam, pratsam, skämtsam, uppmärksam,
verksam, våldsam.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e holl. –zaam > bedachtzaam,
behoedzaam, heilzaam, leerzaam, vreedzaam, zorgzaam.
# Shq. yll >
angl. alike, like, ger. ähnlich, gleich.
Fjalë të prejardhura:
Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. alike,
like, likeness, ger.
Ähnlichkeit, angleichen, gleich, gleichen, gleichsam, Gleichheit,
Gleichung, obgleich, vergleichen, wenngleich, zeitgleich, zugleich.
# Shq. yll, ai
> parash. sim-. Sim- = il + is > lat. similis > angl. simple, lat.
simplex > prapash. plex- > angl. flex, fold, ply, veil; angl. ply, fr.
plier, gr. μπλέκομαι, μπλέκω, πλέκω.
it. piegare, lat.
plecto, plico, velorum. pleca, spanj. plegar. Lat. plico > lat. applico,
circumplico, complico, displico, implico, interplico, replico.
con- + lat. plico
> lat. complico, gr. συμπλέκω.
dis- + lat. plico
> lat. displicare > angl. deploy, deployment, display, redeploy,
redeployment, fr. déplier, it. spiegare, spiegamento.
en-, in- + lat.
plico > lat. implico > angl. implicate, implication, implicative,
implicit, implicitness, employ, imply, fr. employer, impliquer, ger.
implizieren, gr. εμπλέκω, εμπλέκομαι, εμπλεκόμενος, εμπλοκή, lat. implicatio,
implicates, implicite.
en-, in- + angl.
fold > angl. enfold, infold. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. folder, infolder,
infoldment, unfold, unfolding.
# ex- + lat.
plico > lat. explico > angl. explain, explanation, lat. explicatio, gr.
ξεμπλέκω > angl. plain. Fjalë të
prejardhura: lat. explicabilis, explicans, explicanter, explicate.
per- + lat.
plecto > angl. perplex, gr. περιπλέκω, περιέπλεξα. Fjalë të tjera të
prejardhura: gr. διαπλέκω, διαπλέκομαι, διαπληκτίζομαι, διαπληκτισμός.
Shih vargun
bal, bel, bil, bol, bul, bla, ble, bli, blo, blu, fal, fel, fil, fol,
ful, fla, fle, fli, flo, flu, lop, pal, pel, pil, pol, pul, pla, ple, pli, plo,
plu, val, vel, vil, vol, vul, vla, vle, vli, vlo, vlu, wal, wel, wil, wol, wul,
wla, wle, wli, wlo, wlu te Kodi i Gjuhës Shqipe. Shih bal te Etimologji - lojra
leksikore në gjuhët gjermanike.
Va- + -lu- + e
> angl. value. Angl. value = angl.
quality.
Shih vargun -ple,
plec-, plect-, -plex, -plexity, -plexus, pli-, -pli, plic-, -plic, -plicat,
plici-, -plicit, -plicate, -plication, -ply te Etimologji – lojra leksikore në
gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine, plek-, -plek- te Etimologji – lojra leksikore
në gjuhën greke.
Shih vargjet e
rrënjëve ai (në rastin tonë: ab, e, va), yll (në rastin tonë: el, il, li, lu)
te Kodi i Gjuhës Shqipe.
# Sim + il + is > lat. similis. Lat. similis > angl. simple,
lat. simplex > angl. plain. Shih gr. απλός, απλώς. Lat. similis > angl.
resemble, resemblance, fr. sembler, semblable, ressembler, it. assimilare,
assomigliare, somigliare, rassomigliare > angl. seem, seemingly, fr.
vraisemblable, it. sembrare.
Lat. similis > angl. angl. sample > angl. example, lat.
exemplum > it. esempio. Lat. similis, it. simile > angl. simultaneous,
it. simultaneo > it. coetaneo, ku sim- = co-, ul = e, e = ai. It. coetaneo
> gr. etos, it. età, lat. aetas > angl. eternal, eternity, it. eterno,
eternita, lat. aeternus. Shih shq. ai
> angl. forever, ever, gr. vj. αἰεί, ger. je, nie, PIE *aiw-.
Angl. like > serb. razliçan, razliçit.
#
Shq. yll > angl. ball > fr. emballer
dhe
Sim- + il + is > 1. lat. similis > elementet fjalëformues:
-fold, -ple-, -ple, plect-, -plex, -plexity, -plexus, -pli-, -pli, plic-,
-plicate, -plication, plici-, -plicit, -plico, -ply > angl. plain, onefold,
onefoldness, simple, ger. einfach, Einfalt, gr. απλοϊκός, απλός, αφελής,
εύκολος, holl. eenvoudig, enkelvoudig, lat. facilis, simplex.
Con- + -ple- + -x > angl. accomplice, complex, complexity,
complice, complicity, -plex. Angl. complex > gr. vj. ἁπλοῦς, gr. e re
απλός. Shih angl. simple, single, plain – gr. απλός. Krhs. Angl. light,
ger. leicht – ger. einfach.
Du-, tri-, quadru- + plex > angl. duplex, triplex, quadruplex
Plex- > angl. flex, fold, ply, veil; angl. ply, fr. plier,
Plex > angl. explain, explanation, perplex, gr. διαπλέκω,
διαπλέκομαι, διαπληκτίζομαι, διαπληκτισμός, μπλέκομαι, μπλέκω, ξεμπλέκω,
περιπλέκω, πλέκω, it. piegare, lat. explicatio, plecto, plico. rum. a pleca,
spanj. plegar.
Lat. plico > lat. applico, circumplico, complico, displico,
explico, implico, interplico, replico, supplico.
con- + lat. plico > lat. complico, gr. συμπλέκω.
dis- + lat. plico > lat. displicare > angl. deploy,
deployment, display, redeploy, redeployment, fr. déplier, it. spiegare,
spiegamento.
en-, in- + lat. plico > lat. implico > angl. implicate,
implication, implicative, implicit, implicitness, employ, imply, fr. employer,
impliquer, ger. implizieren, gr. εμπλέκω, εμπλέκομαι, εμπλεκόμενος, εμπλοκή,
lat. implicatio, implicates, implicite.
en-, in- + angl. fold > angl. enfold, infold. Fjalë të
prejardhura: angl. folder, infolder, infoldment, unfold, unfolding.
en-, in- + angl. fold > angl.
envelop, envelope, fr. envelopper
Alternime bërë – vargu bal, bel ….etj .
Angl. envelop – angl. embrace, inwrap, wrap, wrapper.
Angl. foil, leaf, fr. feuille, ger. Blatt, lat. folium, shq. fletë
> angl. flat, fr. plat, ger. flach > ger. Fläche > ger. Oberfläche, fr. plaque, shq. pllakë. Krhs.
Ger. Oberfläche – it.
superficie.
Angl. foil, leaf, fr. feuille, ger. Blatt, lat. folium, shq. fletë
> angl. exfoliate, exfoliating, exfoliation, foliate, foliation, it.
sfoliare, shq. shfletim, shfletoj, shfletuar > it. sfiorire > it. fiorire
> angl. flower, fiore
Angl. peel, petal, veil, fr. peau, poil, poilu, voile, voiler, it.
pelle, velo, shq. petë.
Fr. peau – it. pelle; Fr. beau – fr. belle
***
Shq. yll > fr. vj. esteile, fr. étoile, it. stella, lat.
asterula, sterula, stella, port. estrella, spanj. estrella > gr. αστέρι,
άστρο, αστήρ, σιδηρ-, angl. star > egjipt. Ra, ar. Al Shira, lat. Sirius,
gr. vj. Σείριος. Krhs. angl.
luster – angl. star.
Shih vargun e shqipes ar : ar, er, ir, or, ur, yr, ra, re, ri, ro,
ru, ry te Përmbledhje e Kodit të Gjuhës Shqipe.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > gr. λαμπερός, λαμπρός (alternime
brenda shqipes bërë: per – pr)
Angl. star > gr. αστραφτερός (gr. -φτερός <
gr. -περός < shq. bërë)
Gr. σίδερο – angl. star, angl. star – angl. iron
Gr. σίδερο – gr. stella, gr. stella – angl.
steel
Gr. αστέρι + gr. -φτερός
> gr. αστράφτω ku --φτερός < -phorus te lat. phosphorus. Shih gr. –φτερός
te shq. bërë.
Anagrama : gr. αστέρι – gr. σιδηρ-.
Nga vargu i elementeve fjalëformues astar, aster, astir,
astor, astur, astra, astre, astri*, astro, astru*, sidero, star, ster, stir,
stor, stur, stra, stre, stri, stro, stru rrjedhin angl. aster-, -aster, astro-,
-astrous, star, angl. aster-, -aster, astro-, -astrous, gr. αστέρι, άστρο,
αστήρ, σιδηρ- janë ndërtuar fjalë si:
angl. apastron, archaeoastronomer, archaeoastronomy, aster-,
asteraceous, astereognosis, asteria, asterial, asteriated, asterion, asterisk,
asterisked, asterism, asterismal, asteristic, asterite, asternal, asteroid,
astro-, astro-alchemist, astrobiology, astroblast, astrobolism, astrobotanist,
astrobotany, astrochemistry, astrochronological, astrocompass, astrocyte,
astrocytic, astrocytoma, astrodiagnosis, astrodome, astrodynamics, astrogator,
astrogeny, astrogeology, astroglia, astrognosy, astrogonic, astrogony,
astrogram, astrograph, astrographic, astrography, astroid, astroite,
astrokinetic, astrolabe, astrolater, astrolatry, astrolithology, astrolog,
astrolog, astrologaster, astrologer, astrologian, astrologic, astrological,
astrologically, astrologize, astrologous, astrologue, astrology, astromagical,
astromancer, astromancer, astromancy, astromancy, astromantic, astromental,
astrometeorological, astrometeorologist, astrometeorology, astrometer,
astrometer, astrometric, astrometrics, astrometry, astrometry, astromyen,
astronaut, astronautical, astronautical, astronautics, astronavigation,
astronavigation, astronavigator, astronavigator, astronics, astronomer,
astronomian, astronomic, astronomical, astronomically, astronomize, astronomy,
astrophile, astrophilic, astrophobia, astrophobic, astrophotograph,
astrophotographer, astrophotography, astrophotometer, astrophotometrical,
astrophys, astrophysical, astrophysicist, astrophysics, astroplankton,
astroscope, astroscopy, astrosonics, astrotheology, bioastronautic,
bioastronautics, bioastronomy, magastromancer, magastromancy, magastromantic,
periastron, radioastronomy, theoastrological, theoastrology, unastronomical,
gr. απαστράπτω, αστράκι, αστράφτω, αστράφτω, αστράφτω, αστραπή, αστραπιαία,
αστραποβόλημα, αστραφτερός, αστρικός, αστρικός, αστρολογία, αστρολόγος, αστροναύτης,
αστρονομικός, αστροπελέκι.
Shih angl. wizardry – angl. mistery (anagrama). Njëlloj, angl.
mage, magic, magician, master, mister, mistery, sorcery, summit, witchcraft,
wizard, wonder, fr. cime, magique, ger. meister, Wunder, gr. vj. αἴνιγμα, κυ̃μα,
gr. μαγεία, μαγική, it. cima, magia, magico, mago, strega, lat. aenigma, gr.
vj. αἴνιγμα magia, magicus, magus, shq. magjistar,majë, qime, shtrigë.
Angl. sidero-, sideral, siderated, sideratio, sidereal,
sideromancy, sideromania, siderophobia, siderurgy, fr. siderurgy, gr. σιδερώνω,
σιδερένιος, σιδηρουργός, it. siderurgia, siderurgico
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. gold, golden, holl.
goud, rus. золото, serb. zlato, sued. guld, turq. altin
Egjipt Ra > fr. or, it. oro, lat. auro, rum. aur, shq. ar
si dhe
shq. yll > yellow, it. giallo, rus. желтый, turq. yeşil.
Egjipt Ra > fr. d’or, dorë, en or, it. aureo, dorato, d’oro,
shq. artë (i, e)
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Shq. yll – shq. Hyll, Hyj
Shq. yll – angl. gold
Angl. gold - holl. goud
Holl. goud - angl. good
Shq. yll > angl. , gr. eu
Shq. yll > holl. goud > angl. god
Angl. gold > ger. Geld
Angl. gold > it. soldi
it. soldi > angl. sold > angl. sell
angl. sold > shq. shitur > shq. shes
angl. sold > angl. soldier > it. soldato
# Shq. yll > angl. gold, golden, yellow, yolk, ger. gelb, it.
giallo, rus. желтеть, желтить, желтый.
Krhs. Angl. golden >
angl. gold, holl. goud, goudgeld, золото, serb. zlato, turq. altin
Shq. yll > angl. gold,
golden, yellow, ger. gelb, holl. goud,
lat. galbus, helvus, lit. geltonas, zalias, zelvas, pol. zielony, złoto, żółty, zloty, rus.
желтый, зелень, serb. жутило, turq. altin. Yll
> angl. gold, turq. altin, njëlloj si egjipt. Ra > skrt. harih,
hiranyam, shq. ar, i artë > angl. red, fr. rouge, ger. rot, it. rosso >
gr. vj. ὤχρα, lat. ochra, rus. красный, окровавленный > rus. кровь. Nga shq.
yll dhe ar > gr. χλωρός ‘jeshile e
zbehtë, jeshile në të verdhë’ > angl. colors, fr. couleur, holl. kleur, lat.
color. Kujto shq. i verdhë – it. verde, shq. i gjelbër – ger. gelb.
Egjipt Ra > fr. or, gr. χρυσός, hun. arany, it. oro, lat.
auro, rum. aur, shq. ar > angl. adoration, adore, adorn, decorate,
decoration, it. decorare, decorazione, lat. decoro, spanj. decorar, shq. dekor,
dekorim, dekorohem, dekoroj, dekoruar. Shih edhe shq. bukur, bukuri, zbukurim,
zbukurohem, zbukuroj, zbukuruar.
Krhs. Shih shq. bukur (i, e) – fr. beau, belle.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > it. oro > It. decorare, onorare, it. onore.
Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura
Angl. dishonor, honor, honour, fr. honneur, it. disonorarsi,
disonorato, disonore, disonorevole, onoranze, onorario, onorarsi, onore,
onorare, onorevole, onorificenza, onorifico, lat. orificium. Njëlloj rrjedhin
angl. reverent, reverence.
Krhs. it. onore – serb. počast, serb. počast – shq. çast. Shih it.
onore – shq. nder, haraç.
Angl. dishonour – angl. disgrace.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt Ra > shq. Hirësi, njëlloj si
Shq. yll > fr. Altesse, it. Altezza
Shq. ai > angl. Highness, ger. Hoheit
Egjipt Ra > angl. grace, fr. grace, it. grazia, grato, lat. gratia, gratus, shq. hir si dhe
angl. grateful, ingrate, ungrateful, it. gradevole, gradimento,
gradire, gradito, ingrato, ingratitudine, sgradevole, lat. ingratus, shq. i ngratë.
Modele
antonimie
Angl. well, gr. eu- – ant.
angl. ill, lame. Angl. lame - fr. mal, it. male (anagrama)
Ger. gelb – shq. gjelbërt i, e). Njëlloj, rus. зеленеть, зелень,
shq. gjelbëremë, gjelbëri, gjelbërim, gjelbërohet, gjelbëroj, gjelbërosh,
gjelbërsi, gjelbërt i, e), gjelbëruar, shq. jeshil, jeshillëk. turq. yeşil,
yeşillik.
It. alto, lat. altus – angl. low, shq. ulët (i, e)
It. levare – angl. lower
It. caldo – ant. angl.
cold, ger. kalt, rus. холодный
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > angl. well; full –
pol. zadowolony, rus. удовольствие.
Njëlloj edhe angl. will, willful, willing, willpower, volition, voluntary,
voluptuous, it. volere, lat. volere, volo, ger. will, willen. Njëlloj edhe
angl. will, fr. volonté, ger. Wille, Willen, it. volontà, lat. voluntas, port.
vontade, spanj. voluntad, port. vontade, Krhs. angl. wish, ger. Wonne, Wunsch,
wünschen. Krhs. ger. wünschen – dan. ønske, ger. Wein – gr. οίνος.
Modele
fjalëformimi
-vill-, -vjel, -vol- 1. < it. volere < … > rus. добровольность, добровольный,
произвольный, добровольческий
-vill-, -vjel, -vol- 2. < angl. will, ger. Willen, shq. vullnet
< … > rus. велеть, воля
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > angl. well, gr. eu
ger. Gott – sued. gott, angl. good, ger. gut
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > angl. well, gr. eu- > angl. applaud, applause,
complacence, complacency, ple-, please, pleased, pleasure, fr. plaire, plaisance, plaisir,
plu, gr. απόλαυση, it. applaud, applause, lat. laudare, placare, placere, shq.
lavdërohem, lavdëroj, lavdëruar, lavdërim, pël-, -pël-, shq. pëlqej, pëlqehem,
pëlqim, pëlqyer, parapëlqej, parapëlqim, parapëlqyer. Njëlloj, it. piacere.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Alternime vargu bal, bel,
bil, … - shq. vjen
plai – pi: fr. plaisir – it. piacere njëlloj si
plu – wi: fr. plume – angl. wing
plu – pen: fr. plume – it. penna
plu – pi: angl. plumb
plo – pi: fr. plomb – it. piombo
plo – pi: fr. plomber – it. piombare
It. piacere – spanj. prazer (alternime bërë – vjen)
Spanj. prazer – rus. праздновать. Rus.
празднество, праздник, праздновать.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Dielli dhe trupi qiellor
Egjipt Ra – angl. corpse, lat. corpus
Nocioni i sfericitetit
Egjipt. Ra (dielli) – angl. earth, ger. Erde
Fjalë të prejardhura:
Ger. Erde > ger. beerdigen, Erdapfel,
Erdbeben, Erdbeere, Erdbirne, Erdgas, Erdnuss, Erdöl, Erdung. Shih edhe ger.
abdecken, aufdecken, bedecken, Deck, Decke, Deckel, decken, eindecken,
entdecken, verdecken, zudecken, holl. bedekken, shq. vdekje, vdekur, vdes, geg.
dekë, dekun.
Lidhja mes emërtimit të objektit astronomik ‘Tokë’ dhe nocionit
‘bërthamë’
Angl. earth – ger. Erde
Angl. earth, ger. Erde – it. terra (anagrama)
Lidhja mes nocionit ‘bërthamë’ dhe veshjes së Tokës
Angl. core – shq. kore (e tokës, etj.)
Lidhja mes nocionit ‘bërthamë’ dhe emërtime të objektit ‘kokërr,
kokrrizë’.
Angl. core – angl. cereal, corn, germ, grain,
granular, granularity, granulate, granulation, granule, grind, grinding, it,
cereale, germe, grana, granaglie, granaio, grano, granato, granella, granello,
granicolo, granicoltura, granifero, granigione, graniglia, granire, granivoro,
grano, granoso, granturco, granoturco, granulo, granulare, granulazione,
granulo, granuloso, ingranare, sgranare, lat. granum, granulates, shq. grij,
grirje, grirë, grirës, kokërr, kokrrizë. Njëlloj edhe shq. grindem, grindje,
grinder. Shih angl. germination.
Fjalë të prejardhura:
Shq. kokërr > shq. kokë, kokrrizë, kokrrizim,
kokrrizohet, kokrrizoj, kokrrizor, kokrrizueshëm (i)
Angl. grain > it. grano, granulare
Lidhja mes nocionit ‘bërthamë’ dhe emërtimit të
organit ‘zemër’
Shq. yll > angl. nucleus > angl. nuclear.
Shq. bërë, it. fare > angl. spore, sporo-, gr.
σπόρος, shq. bërthamë, farë.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. core, kernel, Kern, holl.
kern
Egjipt. Ra > angl. heart, cardiac, fr. cœur,
ger. Hertz, gr. καρδιά, lat. cor, rus. сердце, сердечник. Angl. heart > rus.
ядро.
Lidhja mes emërtimeve të sendit dhe nocionit’ bërthamë’ dhe organit
‘zemër’
Angl. core - heart, cardiac, fr. cœur,
ger. Hertz, gr. καρδιά, lat. cor, rus. сердце.
Fjalë të prejardhura:
Ger. Herz > ger. herzallerliebst,
herzbewegend, Herzblatt, Herzblut, Herzbube, Herzchen, Herzchirurgie, Herzdame,
herzhaft, Herzkammer, Herzklaps, Herzkönig, herzlich, Herzschild,
Herzstillstand, Herzton, Herzversagen.
Lidhja mes nocionit zemër dhe dashuri, përzemërsi
Ger. Herz – ger. herzlich
It. cuore – it. caro
Lidhja mes nocioneve dashuri dhe të qenët i shtrenjtë; shtrenjtësi
Shq. ar > angl. dear
Angl. star > shq. i shtrenjtë
Lidhja mes nocioneve zemër, dashuri dhe kujdes
Angl. heart, fr. cœur, gr. καρδιά, ger. Herz, it.
cuore > angl. care.
Lidhja mes nocioneve zemër, dashuri, kujdes dhe shërim
Angl. heart, it. cuore > angl. care > angl.
cure, it. curare
Lidhja mes nocionit zemër dhe nocionit hare, gëzim
Angl. heart – ger. Hertz
Angl. cheerful – ger. herzlich
Fjalë me të njëjtën etimologji: angl. cheer,
cheerful, hurrah, fr. contrecœur, bonheur,
heureusement, heureux, malheureux, ger. Barmhertzigkeit, Hertz, herzlich, gr.
χαρά, χαροποιώ, χαιρετισμός, χαιρετώ, χαιροκροτώ, χερετισμός, It. gradimento, gradire, grado, pol. rad,
radosny, uradowany.
Egjipt Ra > … > angl. cheer, cheerful, fr. heureux, gr. χαρά, ger. herzlich, skrt. hare, shq. hajr, hare. Shih skrt.
hare kṛṣṇa, hare mana, keha hāre.
Antonime
Gr. χαρά , shq. hare - angl. rancor, regret, it. rincrescere, rinscrescimento. Shih edhe
shq. hungërij, hungërimë, hungërimë, hungërit, hungëritje, hungëroj.
Modele fjalëformimi
Egjipt Ra > angl. radian, radiant, ray, fr.
raie, rayon, rayer, rayure, lat. radio, radius, it. rayé, radiante, radiare,
lat. radians, radiare, shq. rrezatim, rrezatoj, rrezatuar, rrezatues, rreze.
Lat. radio > lat. irradio, praeradio, obradio,
si dhe lat. radians, radiatilis, radiation, radiates, surradio, radiolus,
radiosus, radius.
Shih Egjipt Ra > angl. grace, fr. grace, it.
grazia, grato, lat. gratia, gratus, shq.
hir, pahir, si dhe angl. grateful, ingrate, ungrateful, it. gradevole,
gradimento, gradire, gradito, ingrato, ingratitudine, sgradevole, lat. ingratus,
sued. barmhärtig, serb. rado, radost,
shq. i ngratë.
Shih angl. mercy, merciful.
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. mercy - shq. mëshirë. Angl. mercy >
angl. merciful.
Angl. mercy – fr. merci (zhvendosje kuptimi).
Angl. mercy - it. grazia (alternime brenda shq.
bërë) > it. graziare, ringraziamento, ringraziare.
Angl. misery – shq. mëshirë. Njëlloj mëshirim,
mëshirohem, mëshiroj, mëshirshëm, mëshiruar, mëshirues, si dhe mëshirëmadh,
mëshirëplotë, mëshirëshumë.
Angl. misery – shq. mizerje
Shih angl. pardon, it. perdonare.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. mercy – angl. pardon (alternime brenda
shqipes bërë)
Angl. mercy – angl. sorry (alternime brenda
shqipes bërë)
Angl. forgive – it. perdonare, angl. give – it.
donare. Angl. forget – angl. forgive. Njëlloj, forgiveness.
It. perdonare > it. perdonabile, perdonanza,
perdonarsi, perdono.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > angl. excel
angl. sun > angl. shine
egjipt. Ra > lat. radio, radiare, spanj.
radiar
angl. star > ger. strahlen
Lidhja mes nocionit zemër dhe guxim
Angl. courageous, discourage, heart, encourage, fr.
cœur, courage, courageusement, courageux, encourager, it. cuore,
incoraggiamento, incoraggiare, incoraggiarsi, shq. dekurajim, dekurajohem,
dekurajoj, dekurajuar, dekurajues, guxim, guximtar, guxoj, guxuar, inkurajim,
inkurajohem, inkurajuar, inkurajuar, inkurajues.
* * *
Shq. yll
> gr. vj. ἥλιος, gr. e re ήλιος,
Ήλιος > it. caldo
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Modele antonimie
Angl. gr. eu- – ant. angl. ill, lame. Angl. lame - fr. mal, it.
male (anagrama)
Ger. gelb – shq. gjelbërt i, e)
Angl. well, gr. eu- – ant.
angl. ill, lame. Angl. lame - fr. mal, it. male (anagrama)
Ger. gelb – shq. gjelbërt i, e). Njëlloj, rus. зеленеть, зелень,
shq. gjelbëremë, gjelbëri, gjelbërim, gjelbërohet, gjelbëroj, gjelbërosh,
gjelbërsi, gjelbërt i, e), gjelbëruar, shq. jeshil, jeshillëk. turq. yeşil,
yeşillik.
It. alto, lat. altus – angl. low, shq. ulët (i, e)
It. levare – angl. lower
It. caldo – ant. angl. cold, ger. kalt, rus. холодный
# Shq. yll > it. caldo, ger. kalt > fr. chaud > angl.
hot, ger. heiss, heiß, gr. καυτό > gr. έγκαυμα, καίομαι, καυστικός, καίω
> gr. ηλιοκαμμένος, ηλιόκαυμα. Gr. καυτό > gr. πυρκαγιά, πυρκαϊά >
elementet fjalëformues pir-, -pir-, pyr-, pyro- > gr. vj. πῦρ, πυρά >
angl. burn, burning, fire, fry, pyrotechnics, fr. feu, ger. braten, brennen,
Feuer, gr. πυροτεχνικός, gr. πυραμίδα, πυρασφαλής, πύραυλος, πυργίσκος, πύργος,
πυρετικός, πυρετός, πυρετώδης, πυρετωδώς, πυρήνας, πυρηνικός, πύρινος, πυριτία,
πυρίτιο, πυριτίου, πυροβολαρχία, πυροβολισμός, πυροβολισμού, πυροβόλο, πυροβόλο
όπλο, πυροβολώ, πυροδοτώ, πυροκροτώ, πυρόλιθος, πυρομαχικά, πυρόσβεση,
πυροσβεστήρας, πυροσβέστης, πυροστιά, πυροσφραγίζω, πυροτέχνημα, πυροτεχνήματα,
πυροφάγος, πυρπολώ, πύρρειος νίκη, πυρρόξανθος, πυρσός, holl. braden, it. fuoco, pirotecnica, pirotecnico
> angl. fever, feverish, ger. Fieber, fieberhaft, fiebrig, it. fervore, lat.
fervor. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. pure, purge, purify, fr. four, it. forno,
furnace, fornaio, infornare, inferno, sfornare, purezza, Purgatorio, puro, lat.
furnus.
Njëlloj edhe armenisht hur. Shih për këtë alternimet brenda vargut
të shqipes bërë.
Krhs. angl. cold > angl. cool > angl. calm, it. calmo,
calmare.
* *
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll (diell) > fr. dieu > gr. Διός, θεός,
lat. deus > gr. vj. Ζεύς, lat. Zeus, shq. Zeus > fr. déesse, gr. vj. θεά
(θεή), θεύς, θιός, σιός, it. dio, lat. dea
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll (diell) > ar. Allah, (aramaike biblike)
Alaha, (aramaike) Elaha, heb. Elohim
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > shq. yll, Hyll, Hyj
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > shq. yll, Hyll, Hyj, Hyjni
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > shq. yll, Hyll, Hyj, Hyjni + shq. bërë,
heb. bara, skrt. bhar- > lat. albare > lat. alba, albamentum, albarius,
albatus, albedo, albeo, albesco, albicasco, albiceris, albico, albicolor,
albicomus, albidulus, albidus, albineus, albitudo, albo, albogalerus,
albogilvus, albor, albugo, albulus, albumen, alburnum, alburnus, albus.
Lat. albare > it. albeggiare, shq. bardhë (i, e), bardhësi,
zbardh, zbardhem, zbardhëllehet, zbardhëllemë, zbardhëllemtë (i, e),
zbardhëllen, zbardhëllon, zbardhëllim, zbardhëllimë, zbardhim, zbardhoj.
Krhs. lat. albico – angl. white, ger. weiss, weiß.
Angl. white, ger. weiß > angl. wheat (beer), whitish, ger.
Weißbuch, Weiße, weißen, Weißer, Weißgold, weißgrau, weißlich, Weißmetall,
Weißrußland, Weißwein, Weizen.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > angl. light, ger. Licht, it. luce, lat. lumen, lux
Shq. yll + është > angl. illustrate, illustration, luster,
lustre, fr. illustrer, illustration, lustre, it. illustrare, lat. illustro,
inlustro, spanj. ilustrar. Krhs. angl. luster – angl. star.
… lat. lumen > angl. illuminate, illuminating, illumination,
illuminator, illuminism, illuminist, luminosity, luminous, transilluminate, fr.
illumination, illuminer, luminosité, lumineux, it. illuminare, luminosità,
luminoso, lat. illumino, illuminatum, illuminates, lumino, spanj. spanj.
alumbrar, iluminar.
Lat. lumino > angl. lamp, ger. Lampe, Laterne, gr. λάμπα, it.
lampa, lampeggiamento, lampeggiare, lampeggiatore, shq. llambadar, llambadhë,
llambë, llamburis, llamburit, llamburitës, llamburitje, llamburitur, llambushkë,
etj.
…> lat. lumen ‘drita e diellit, e yjeve vjen’. Lat. lumen <
lu- ‘yll’ + -men ‘vjen’. Lat. lumen > lat. flumen.
… angl. light, ger. Licht > angl. enlighten, enlightenment,
ger. beleuchten, Beleuchtung, Leuchte, Leuchter, leuchten > gr. λευκό,
λευκός.
… it. luce > angl. elucidate, elucidation, fr. élucider,
élucidation, lat. elucido.
Ger. Licht > gr. λυχνία, λύχνος;
… it. luce + lat. fero > angl. Lucifer, luciferous.
Angl. luciferous - lat. illuminosus
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > shq. yll, Hyll, Hyj, Hyjni > heb.
Helel.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. ai > angl. photo-, gr. vj. φῶς, gr. φως, φωτιά, φωτο- > gr.
φωτεινός, φωτίζω
Shq. ai > angl. photo-, gr. φωτο-
> angl. photocell, photochemical, photogenic,
photograph, photographer, photographic, photography, photon, photosensitive,
photosynthesis, photosynthesize, gr. φωτογραφία;
Shq. ai > gr. φως > angl.
phosphorus, gr. vj. φωσφόρος, lat. phosphorus, shq. fosfor > angl.
phosphate, phosphoric, shq. fosfat, fosforik,
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
… angl. sun > angl. shine, shining, sunshine,
ger. scheinen, Schein, Sonnenschein. Shih angl. saw, see, seem, seen, show,
shown, ger, Gesicht, sah, sehen, gesehen, geschaut, schauen, schaute, Sicht,
shq. sheh, shih, shihni, shikimi, shoh, …etj.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
… angl. star > shq. shndrij, shndrit > shq.
dritare, dritë, shndritës, shndritje, shndritshëm, shndrizë, etj..
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Illumin- te angl. illumination = eman- te angl.
emanate lat. emanare, it. emanare > angl. > angl. emanating, emanation,
emancipate, emancipated, emancipation, human, man, mankind, ger. Mann, Mensch,
rus. муж, мужик.
Angl. human = rus. человек, serb. човек (alternime brenda shqipes
vjen: man – ve; alternime ai – yll: ло – о; alternime brenda togfjalëshit të
shqipes q’jam: че – hu)
Angl. mankind = rus. человечество
Serb. човечанство - rus. человечество (alternime brenda
togfjalëshit të shqipes q’jam: чанст – чест)
Shq. yll > angl. light, ger. Licht, it. luce, lat. lumen, lux
> rus. луч > bulg. лъч;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > angl. light, lightweight > angl. aluminium.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > angl. hallow, hail, holy, ger. heilig
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > shq. Hyj, hyjni, hyjneshë, hyjnim,
hyjnizim, hyjnizoj, hyjnizohet, hyjnizuar, hyjnohet > angl. bless. Shih
vargun e shqipes yll te Përmbledhje e Kodit të Gjuhës Shqipe.
Shq. yll > shq. Hyll > angl. hallow, hail, holy, ger. heilig
> angl. holiness
Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura apo të ndërtuara me shq. Hyll, ar.
Allah, gr. θεός, lat. dea, deus: fr. déesse, angl. atheist, atheism, deify,
deism, deistic, deity, pantheology, theism, theologian, theological, theology,
fr. déifier, théologie, ger. deistisch, gr. vj. αθεϊσμός, θεϊσμός,
θεολογία, it. teologia, lat. deificare, theologia, rus. теология, spanj.
deísta, turq. ilahiyat.
Alternime jam – vjen
Lat. deus – angl. divine > lat. divus> shq. div, turq. divan
(këshilli i lartë në oborrin e sulltanit të Turqisë).
Angl. sun > it. santo > It. santo, shq. shenjt, shenjtë
(i) > rum. sfânt > serb. sveti, rus. святой
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. sun > angl. saint, sainthood, saintess, saintly,
sanctity, sanctify, sanctification, fr. saint, it. sancire, santo, lat.
sanctus, shq. shenjt, shenjtë (i, e), shenjtëri, shenjtërim, shenjtërisht,
shenjtërohem, shenjtëroj, shenjtëror, shenjtëruar.
Shq. ai > ar. hadj, hajj, gr. vj. ἅγιος, gr. αγιάζω, αγιασμός,
αγιοποιώ, άγιος, αγιότητα, άγιοι, lat. hagio-, shq. haxh, Haxhi,
haxhillëk, hoxhë.
Lat. hagio- > angl. hagiarchy, hagiographer, hagiographic,
hagiography, hagiolatry, hagiologist, hagiology, Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. leader – rus. вожак, вождь, водитель > rus. водитељ, водить,
возить, выводить, вывозить, перевод, передовица, предводитель, предводник,
приводить, проводить, развозить, руководилац, руководитель, руководство,
сопровождать, serb. вођа, etj. Krhs.
rus. ведущий.
Rus. вождь, serb. вођа – shq. hoxhë.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Elementë fjalëformimi në gjuhët sllave vjed-, -vjed-, -vjez-,
vjes-, -vjes-, vod-, -vod-, voz-, -voz-
Angl. leader - It.
conducente > fr. –duit, it. dotto, lat. duco, ductus
Angl. leader – rus. вожак, вождь, водитель
Rus. вождь, serb. вођа – shq. hoxhë.
Rus. вода = angl. water
Rus. –вод – angl. –duct, Rus. водопровод – angl. water-conduit,
lat. aquaeductus
Fjalë të
prejardhura nga rus. вода: rus. водный, водяной
Lat. duco, ductus > angl. conduct, deduce, duct, reduce,
seduce, fr. conduire, deduire, réduire, séducteur, séduction, séduisant,
séduire, etj..
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. dissolve – rus. развести
Rus. возить > shq. vozit > shq. vozitës, vozitje, vozitur
Modele
fjalëformimi
Rus. везти, вести – rus. водить si rus. нести – rus. носить
Shih rus. ведение, вести, вывезти, поведение, развести.
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. heal, health, ger. heilen, Heilung
It. sole > it. salute, fr. salut, rum, salut, spanj. salud
Angl. sun > it. sano > angl. sound, ger. gesund, shq.
shëndosh, shëndetshëm (i)
Modele fjalëformimi
dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. sun >
it. sano > angl. sound, ger. gesund, shq. shëndosh > angl. sanatorium,
sanitary, sanity, sanitation, fr. sain, santé, soigner, soin, ger. Gesundheit,
Sanitär-, holl. gezond, it. sano, sanare, sanità.
Angl. sun >
it. sano > gr. υγιής, υγιεινή > angl. hygiene, ger. Hygiene, shq.
higjenë, higjenik, higjenizim, higjenizohet.
Modele fjalëformimi
it. salute >
port. saúde (alternime yll – ai)
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. sound, fr.
son – gr. ήχος (alternime sun – I, ai)
Angl. sound, it.
sano – υγιής (alternime sun – I, ai)
It. salute >
angl. salubrious, salutary, salutation, salute, fr. saluer, salut, it.
salutare, lat. salus, salutare, pol. salutowanie.
Modele
fjalëformimi
pol. pozdrawiać –
pol. salutować.
Fjalë të prejardhura:
bulg. здрав, çek. zdravý, pol. zdrowy, zdrów, rus. здороваться, serb.
pozdrav, pozdraviti, It. salute > angl. save, saving, fr. sauver, it.
salvare, lat. salve, salveo, salvus.
* * *
Shq. yll : ‘vjen
si yll (rikthehet në tokë)’ > angl. fool, fr. fou, it. folle, lat. folis
Angl. sun >
angl. insane, ger. Unsinn, Wahnsinn. Krhs. angl. sin, ger. Sünde.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Ger. Wahnsinn
> ger. Unsinn.
Ger. Unsinn >
angl. sense.
Angl. sense >
angl. sensual > gr. αισθησιακός (anagrama).
Angl. sense >
sensual, sensualist, sensuality, Ger. Sinn > ger. besinnen, entsinnen,
Gesinnung, Sensus, sinnen, sinnenfroh, sinnentleert, sinnieren, sinnig,
sinnlich, sinnlos, sinnvoll, Unsinn.
Gr. αισθησιακός
> angl esthetic, esthetics, gr. αισθητική,
ευαίσθητος, shq. estetik, estetikë.
Alternime ai – sun
lat. audio – it. sento (sentire)
It, sentire > shq. ndjerë > shq. ndjej, ndjenjë.
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. all, ger. all- > shq. lidh
Angl. sun > gr. syn- > gr. συνδώ, συνδέομαι, συνθέτω
Egjipt. Ra > ra- > it. radunare, radunarsi, raduno
Njëlloj si
Shq. yll > … > angl. low, lower, shq. ul, ulët (i, e), ulje,
ulur.
Angl. sun > ger. senken, sinken > angl. sink
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Modele antonimie
Angl. well, gr. eu- – ant.
angl. ill, lame. Angl. lame - fr. mal, it. male (anagrama)
Ger. gelb – shq. gjelbërt i, e)
It. alto, lat. altus – angl. low, shq. ulët (i, e)
It. levare – angl. lower
It. caldo – ant. angl.
cold, ger. kalt, rus. холодный
# Shq. yll > angl. lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen >
angl. lace, shq. lak > angl. link, fr. lier, it. legare, lat. lego > lat.
allego, colligo, diligo, eligo, intellego, lego, neglego, perlego, praelego,
relego, seligo, sublego.
Shq. yll > angl. all > angl. collect, lat. colligo. Angl.
collect, lat. colligo > angl. collection, it. collegare, collezione,
cogliere, colto,
Lat. intellego < lat. inter- + lat. lego ‘lidh bashkë’ (gjërat,
fenomenet, mendimet). Lat. intellego > angl. intellectual, intellectualism,
intellectualize, intelligence, intelligent, it. intelletto, lat. intellectivus,
intellector, intellectus, intellegens, intellegenter, intellegentia,
intelligibilis, intellectualis, intellectualitas, port. intelecto, rum.
înțelept, înțelepciune, înțelege, spanj. intelecto. Krhs. lat. intellego -
angl. ear, shq. hear, shq. dëgjuar dhe shq. vj. endigloj.
Angl. collect, cogliere i frutti > it. colto, cultura >
angl. cult > angl. occultism, occult, it. occultismo, occulto.
It. cogliere – sciogliere, it. colto – shq. mbledhur, shq. lidh –
shq. zgjidh ,shq. mbledh – shq. mpleks,
shq. mpleks – shq. shpleks. Shih mpleks, mpikset (gjaku). Shih se ç’kemi thënë
për –ple, -plex.
# Shq. lidh – gr. συνθέτω, lat. compositus (lat. compono). Gr. συνδώ = shq. lidh njëlloj si
angl. sun - gr. ήλιος. Gr. συνδώ, συνδέομαι > gr. δένω, gr. σύνδεσμος
> gr. δεσμός. Gr. συνδώ > skrt. sandhi. Gr. συνδώ,
συνδέομαι > gr. δέω > skrt. dhā. Njëlloj dhe angl. synthesis,
gr. σύνθεση. Shih –theto te Lojra leksikore në gjuhën greke, dhā te
Lojra leksikore në sanskritisht.
Shq. lidh, lidhje, lidhur > shq. ndërlidh, ndërlidhës,
ndërlidhje, ndërlidhur.
Shq. lidh - -lith te angl. monolith.
Shq. yll > … > angl. low, lower, shq. ul, ulët (i, e), ulje,
ulur, njëlloj si angl. sun > ger. sinken > angl. sink. Shq. yll > …
> shq. ul > angl. lay, lean, lie, ger. legen, shq. lë > angl. relay.
Ger. legen > ger. ablegen, anlegen, auferlegen, auflegen, auslegen,
beilegen, belegen, darlegen, einlegen, erlegen, flachlegen, fortlegen,
freilegen, hereinlegen, hinlegen, krummlegen, nachlegen, niederlegen,
offenlegen, querlegen, reinlegen, überlegen, umlegen, unterlegen, verlegen,
vorlegen, weglegen, widerlegen, zerlegen, zulegen, si dhe ger. Bauernlegen, Lage,
Lager, Lege, Legebatterie, Legehenne, Legföhre, Überlegung, Unterlage.
Shq. yll > … > it.
legare, lat. lego > it. rilego > angl. relate, related, relation >
angl. correlate, correlated, correlation. Krhs. It. lato – it. sponda, it.
relazione – it. corrispondenza.
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. light, ger. Licht, it. luce, lat. lumen, lux
> rus. луч > bulg. лъч;
Shq. ai > gr. φωτο- , φως > gr. φωτεινός, φωτιά, φωτίζω.
Egjipt. Ra > shq. fener > gr. φάρος,
φανός. Krhs. angl. fire, ger. Feuer;
angl. fever, ger. Fieber.
Egjipt. Ra > fr. rayon, it. raggio, lat. radius, shq. rreze
> angl. ray, spanj. rayo;
Angl. star > ger. Strahl, holl. straal;
Modele fjalëformimi
Ger. Pfanner – shq. fener
Angl. flag – angl. flame, shq. flakë. Krhs. angl. flake.
Angl. flag – ger. Fahne
Gr. φανός – ger. Fahne
Shih ger. beflaggen, Fähnchen,
Flagge.
Fjalë të prejardhura
# Shq. yll > angl. light, ger. Licht, it. luce, lat. lumen, lux
> angl. bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, electroluminescence, elucidate,
elucidation, enlighten, enlightenment, galvanoluminescence, illuminance, illuminant,
illuminate, illuminated, Illuminati, illuminating, illumination, illumine,
illuminism, illustrate, illustration, isolume, lumen, luminance, luminaria,
luminary, luminesce, luminescence, luminescent, luminiferous, luminologist,
luminophore, luminosity, luminous, luminously, luster, lustre, noctiluca,
noctilucent, oxyluminescence, pellucid, phillumenist, photoluminescence,
radioluminescence, semitranslucent, sonoluminescence, sonoluminescent,
sonoluminescently, stenolumic, subluminal, superluminal, thermoluminescence,
thermoluminescent, transilluminate, translucence, translucency, translucent,
translucently, triboluminescence, triboluminescent, tribothermoluminescence,
tribothermoluminescent, unilluminated, fr. élucider, élucidation, illumination,
illuminer, illumination, illustrer, illustration, luminosité, lumineux, ger.
beleuchten, Beleuchtung, leuchten, gr. λευκό, λευκός, lat. elucido, illumino,
illustro, inlustro, lum-, -lum-, lumen-,-lumen-, lumin-, -lumin-, lustralis,
lustramen, lustramentum, lustratio, lustrator, lustricus, lustrificus, lustrum,
it. illuminare, illustrare, luminosità, luminoso, spanj. alumbrar, iluminar,
ilustrar.
# Lat. lumen > lat. fulmen > vargun flag-, flam-, folg-,
fulg-, phlegm, phlog-. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. circumfulgent, effulge,
effulgence, effulgent, fulgency, fulgent, fulgently, fulgid, fulminant,
fulminate, interfulgent, prefulgency, profulgent, refulgence, refulgency,
refulgent, it. fulminante, fulminare, fulminato, fulminazione, fulmine,
fulmineo, fulminio > it. folgorante, folgorazione. conflagrant, conflagrate,
conflagration, conflagrative, conflagrator, conflagratory, deflagrability,
deflagrable, deflagrate, deflagration, deflagrator, flagrancy, flagrant,
flagrant, flagrantly, flagrate, flagration, fragrant.
Krhs. Shq. yll – angl. luster, angl. sun – angl. shine, ger.
scheinen.
# Yll > it. luce, rus. луч > angl. excel, rus. излучать >
rus. отличать > rus. различать >
rus. различать. Shih angl. alike - serb. liçiti. Angl. alike – ant. serb.
razliçan. Shih rus. неразлучный, serb. lik, liçan, liçiti, liçno, liçnost,
prilika, prilikovati, priliçan, razlika, razlikovati, razliçno, razliçnost.
# Shq. yll > lat. albare, albeo, albo. Lat albeo = bele- te
ger. beleuchten. Krhs. ger. leuchten, gr. λευκό, λευκός. Fjalë të prejardhura:
çek. bílý, it. alba, albeggiare, lat.
albamentum, albarius, albatus, albedo, albeo, albesco, albicasco,
albiceris, albico, albicolor, albicomus, albidulus, albidus, albineus,
albitudo, albogalerus, albogilvus, albor, albugo, albulus, albumen, alburnum,
alburnus, albus, rum. alb, rus. белый;
Shq. yll > fr. blanc, blanchiment, blanchissage
et blanchissement, blanchir, it. bianco, biancastro, biancheria,
bianchezza, bianchire, imbianchare, sbiancare.
Shq. yll > it. luce, lat. lux > angl. blink, ger. Blitz,
blitzartig, Blitzlicht, Blitzschlag, Kugelblitz, shq. blic.
Shq. yll > angl. angl. blaze, blush, blink, conflagrate,
conflagration, flagrant, flagrance, flame, flash, flush, inflame, inflammation,
fr. flamme, ger. Flamme. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. conflagration, flag,
flagrance, flagrant, flame, flare, fr.
flagramment, flagrant, flagrance, foudre, it. fiaccola, fiamma, fiammegiare,
fiammante, fiammeggiante, fiammeggiare, fiammella, fiammifero, folgorante,
folgore, folgoreggiare, infiammabile, infiammabilità, infiammare, infiammarsi,
infiammato, infiammatorio, infiammazione, lat. conflagro, flagro, flamma,
flammo, inflammo, fulgeo, fulgur, fulvus, port. chama, rum. fulger, spanj.
llama, shq. flak, flakadan, flakar, flakaresh, flakem, flakë, flakëhedhës,
flakëkuq, flakërij, flakërim, flakërimë, flakërishta, flakërit, flakëritem,
flakëritje, flamë, flamëmadh, flamëngarë, flamosem, flamosur (i, e), flamur,
flamurmbajtës, flamurtar, konflagracion.
Ang. fire – angl. fear
Lat. fulvus – gr. φοβία > angl.
–phobe, phobia, -phobic, gr. vj. φόβος, gr. φόβος, φοβάμαι, φοβούμαι, lat.
phobia, -phobia
Krhs. angl. fever, ger. Fieber, fr. feu, it. fuoco.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. acrophobe, acrophobia, agoraphobe,
agoraphobia, agoraphobic, ailurophobe, ailurophobia, autophobia, autophoby
(1847), phobia (1786), phobic (1897), chromophobe, claustrophobe,
claustrophobia, claustrophobic, claustrophobically, computerphobe,
computerphobia, computerphobic, homophobe, homophobia, homophobic, hydrophobia,
hydrophobic, hydrophobicity, lyophobic, negrophobe, negrophobia, phobia,
phobic, photophobia, photophobic, technophobe, technophobia, technophobic,
triskaidekaphobia, xenophobe, xenophobia, xenophobic, xenophobically, zoophobe.
# Yll > angl. galaxy, gr. vj. γαλαξίας, shq, yjësi > angl.
agalactia, agalactorrhea, agalactosis, agalactous, agalorrhea,
androgalactozemia, antigalactagogue, antigalactic, dysgalactia, extragalactic,
galactagogue, galactase, galactia, galactic, galactin, galactodendron,
galactoid, galactometer, galactophage, galactophagia, galactophagist,
galactophagous, galactophagy, galactophorous, galactopoiesis, galactopoietic,
galactorrhea, galactorrhoea, galactose, galactosialidosis, galactosidase,
galactostasis, galactotherapy, galactrophic, galaxy, hypogalactia,
hypogalactous, intergalactic, intragalactic, ischigalactic, ischogalactic,
Lactation, lactorrhea, lactotherapy, metagalactic, metagalaxy, oligogalactia,
polygalactia, gr. vj. γλάγος, γλαγάω, γλαγῶ, gr. e re αγαλαξία,
εξωγαλαξιακος, γαλακτάσης, γαλαξιακά, γαλακτόρροια, γαλακτόζη, γαλακτοσιδάσης,
γαλαξίας, διαγαλαξιακή, γαλουχία. γάλα, γαλάζιο, γαλάζιος, γαλαζοαίματος,
γαλαζοπράσινο, γαλαζοπράσινος, γαλακτερός, γαλακτίας, γαλακτίες, γαλακτισμός,
γαλακτοκομείο, γαλακτοκομικά, γαλαξίας, γαλατάς. Krhs. sh. gr. γάλατα me shq.
gallatë ‘humor’, njëlloj si it. felice – shq. i fëlliqur, gr. λόγια – shq.
llogje, etj.
# Shq. yll > …
> angl. lamp, it. lampa, lampada, serb. lampa, shq. llambë, sued. lamp.
Sued. Lamp > sued. glödlampa, kvartslampa, lampskärm, värmelampa, sänglampa,
bordslampa, skrivbordslampa
# Yll > it. luce, rus. луч > angl. excel, rus. излучать >
rus. отличать > rus. различать. Rus. отличный = angl. excellent. Krhs.
shq. yll – angl. star, angl. excel, rus. излучать – ger. strahlen, Strahlung.
Njëlloj ger. bestrahlen.
Fjalë të prejardhur nga rus. луч: лучевой, лучезарный, лучик,
лучина, лучинка, лучистый, лучиться, лучник, лучок, лучший, наилучший.
Fjalë të prejardhur nga rus. излучать: излучатель, излучать,
излучающий, излучение, излучина. Rus. излучать > rus. получать > rus.
получатель , получаться, получение, получить, получиться, получка >
неблагополучный.
Fjalë të prejardhur nga rus. отличать > rus. отличаться,
отличие, отличительный, отличить, отличиться, отличник, отличница, отлично,
отличный.
Fjalë të prejardhur nga rus. отличать > rus. отлучаться,
отлучение, отлучить, отлучиться, отлучка. Krhs. rus. луч – angl. sun, angl.
asunder, sunder – rus. отлучить. Fjalë të lidhura etimologjikisht: astunder, ger.
besonder, Besonderheit, besonderes, sonder, sonderbar, sonderbarerweise,
sondergleichen, sonderlich, Sonderling, sondern, Sonderrecht, sonders.
Fjalë të prejardhur nga rus. отличать > rus. различать,
различаться, различие, различимый, различить, различный,
Fjalë të prejardhur nga rus. разлучить: rus. разлука, разлучаться,
разлучить > rus. неразлучный, serb. serb.
razliçan. Shih rus. неразлучный, serb.
lik, liçan, liçiti, liçno, liçnost, prilika, prilikovati, priliçan, razlika,
razlikovati, razliçno, razliçnost. Rus.
лучистый > rus. чистый.
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. light, ger. Licht, it. luce, lat. lumen, lux
> gr. ελαφρός > gr. ανάλαφρος
* * *
Shq. yll > angl.
excel
angl. sun > angl. shine
egjipt. Ra > lat. radio, radiare, spanj. radiar
angl. star > ger. strahlen
Fjalë të prejardhura
# Shq. yll >
angl. excel > angl. excellent, Excellency. Angl. excel > fr. éclat >
fr. éclater > ger. Schlacht > ger. schlagen. Rus. отличный = angl.
excellent.
Fr. éclater – fr. éclaircir. Angl. clear, fr. clair, clarté, clarifier,
clarification, clairement, ger. Aufklärung, erklären, Erklärung, klar,
Klarheit, Kläranlage, klären, Klärschlamm, Klarstellung, Klärung, lat. clarus,
port. & spanj. claro, it. chiaro, rum. chiar, shq. qartë (i, e), qartësi,
qartësoj, qartësuar etj. > angl. air, shq. ajër.
# Angl. sun > angl. shine > angl. sheen, shining, ger.
scheinen, lat. scinti-, scintil-, scintill- > angl. dacryoscintigraphy,
immunoscintigraphy, interplanetary, microscintigraphy, scinticisternograph,
scintigram, scintigraph, scintigraphic, scintigraphy, scintilla, scintillant,
scintillantly, scintillascope, scintillate, scintillate, scintillated,
scintillating, scintillatingly, scintillation, scintillation, scintillator,
scintillescent, scintillometer, scintilloscope, scintillous, scintimammography,
scintiphotograph, scintiphotography, scintirenography, scintiscan,
scintiscanner, scintography, unscintillating, fr. scintiller, étinceler, ger.
Schein, scheinbar, erscheinen, Erscheinung > ger. Erscheinungsbild,
Erscheinungsjahr, Erscheinungsdatum, it. immunoscintigrafia, scintigrafia,
scintilla, scintillante, scintillare, scintillazione, scintillatore,
scintillometro, scintimammografia, lat. scintillare, scintillo, port. cintilar,
rum. scânteia, spanj. centellear, cintilar, shq. shkëndijë.
* * *
Shq. yll > rus. улица
shq. ai > angl. path, gr. οδός, shq. udhë
egjipt. Ra > angl. road, fr. rue, shq. rrugë
angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada
angl. sun > spanj. sendero, it. sentiero
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > rus. улица, pol. ulica > angl. align, alignment,
collinear, delineate, delineating, delineation, lane, line, lineage, lineal,
lineament, linear, lineate, patrilineal, rectilinear, fr. ligne, it. allineare,
capolinea, delineare, guardalinee, linea, lineare, lat. linea, linealis,
lineamentum, linearis, linearius, lineo, lineola, lineatio, port. Linha, rum.
cale, spanj. calle, shq. hulli, hullim, hulloj, linjë, ulluk;
Shih Shq. yll > angl.
lake, fr. lac, it. lago, shq. liqen > angl. lace, shq. lak > angl. link
> angl. ligament, ligature, fr. lier, it. legare, legato, lat. leg-, lego, lig-, ligo, shq. lidh, lidhje, lidhur
(i, e) > angl. alliance, alloy, alloying, ally, fr. alliage, alliance, allier,
shq. aleancë.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. all – angl. ally
Angl. all – shq. bashkë
Shq. bashkë – shq. bashkoj
Angl. out – shq. jashtë
Angl. exempt – shq. përjashtoj (e-, out- + -pire, për + jashtë)
Angl. exempt – angl. except
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. ai > angl. path, bulg. път, gr. οδός, rus. ход, shq. udhë
> angl. Odyssey, period, periodic, periodically, gr. οδήγημα, οδήγηση,
οδηγία, οδηγίες, οδηγημένος, οδηγητής, οδηγούμαι, οδηγός, οδηγώ, οδικός,
οδοιπορία, οδοιπορικό, οδοιπορώ, οδοιπόρος, Οδύσσεια, οδύσσεια, περιοδικά,
περιοδικός, περίοδος, συνοδεία, συνοδεύω, it. Odisseo, rus. pol. chodnik,
rus. вход, выход, выходить, доходить, заход, идти, изход, отходить, отходчивый,
отхождение, отхожий, переход, подход,
пойти, проходить, расходоваться, уходить, ход, ходьба, shq. Odisea, odisea,
Odhiseu, periodik, periudhë, udhëheq, udhëheqje, udhëheqës, udhëhequr, udhëtar,
udhëtim, udhëtoj, udhëtuar; Krhs. gr. οδηγητής – angl. guide, si dhe angl.
guidance, guidebook, guideline, guidepost, guider, fr. guider, it. guidare,
shq. guidë.
Modele fjalëformimi
Lat. ex- + gr. οδός, shq. udhë > angl. exodus, fr. exode, gr.
vj. ἔξοδος, lat. exodus, rus. исход, ukr. изход, serb. ishod, etj.
Rus. отходить = angl. go out, от- = out, -хо- = go. Shih vargun e
shqipes ‘ai’ në Kodin e Gjuhës Shqipe.
Emri συνοδεία ka marrë kuptimet shoqërim,
përcjellje; shoqërim me orkestër. Ky kuptim e bashkon συνοδεία me
gr. μελωδία melodinë, me τραγούδι këngën,
me τραγωδία tragjedinë, me ᾠδή ode, këngën në përgjithësi. Shohim se
ode = udhë.
Që të gjitha këto kuptime lidhin udhën e Odhisesë
me odisenë e tij, e cila sipas toneve emocionale që merr
gjatë zhvillimit të saj është herë një melodi, herë një tragjedi, e
përgjithësisht një këngë.
Greqishtes συνοδεία i përgjigjet anglishtja cohort,
e cila merr kuptime si 1. a. kohortë (njësi ushtarake në Romë)
b. grup luftëtarësh apo ushtarësh c. bandë,
grup 2. shoqërues, koleg.
Greqishten συνοδός dhe anglishten cohort, apo dhe latinishtet
cohort, cohors, i lidhin mes tyre dy gjëra:
ᾠδή ode
angl. choir, lat. chorus, kori (muzikor)
Nga kuptimet udhë, bashkudhëtar dhe kor (shoqërues) kanë rrjedhur
të gjitha fjalët e sipërpërmendura:
gr. συνοδεύω, συνοδεία, συνοδός dhe cohort, ᾠδή dhe ode, μελωδία
dhe melodi, τραγούδι (këngë), τραγωδία dhe tragjedi si dhe fjala sinod.
Nga anglishtja cohort kanë rrjedhur escort, eskortë, ai / ajo që
shoqëron (sajdis, por edhe mbron) një personalitet të madh.
Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. ai > angl. path > angl. pathos, gr. πάθος. Përmes
ndërrimeve fonetike s, ss - t, th kemi angl. pathos, gr. πάθος > angl.
passion > angl. passion, passionate, passionately, passionflower. Angl.
passionate > angl. passive, passively, passivism, passivity, shq. apasionuar
(i, e), pasion, pësim, pësoj, pësuar. Shih angl. patience, lat. patire, shq.
pata, pate, pati, patëm, patët, patën, patur.
shq. patur > shq. pasanik, pasur, pasuri. Krhs. angl. –pathy,
sympathy, sympathic, gr. συμπάθεια, συμπόνια, συμπαθητικότης.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > rus. улица > çek.
lítost, litovat, politovat, ger. Leid, leiden, Leiden, leider, Leidenschaft, leidenschaftlich, holl.
afleiden, begeleiden, geleiden, geleiding, herleiden, leider, leiding,
leidraad, omleiden, opleiden, verleiden, voorleiden, wegleiden; krhs. çek.
politovat - angl. polite, fr. poli.
Shq. ai > angl. path, gr. οδός, shq. udhë > shq. hidhërim,
hidhëroj, hidhur, hidhur (i, e). Krhs. shq. hudhër. Shih edhe shq. yll >
angl. ill > angl. (I feel) ill > rus. жаль > bulg. жал, съжаление,
rus. жалость.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, est. raudtee, reid, fr. route, rue,
pol. droga, drogowy, port. rua, rum. radă, rutier, shq. rrugë.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. vij, vjen drejt – pol. drogowy
Angl. router, fr. router, router, routeur, routier, routière,
routine, routinier, shq. rrugë, rrugëtim, rrugor;
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > gr. vj. ἥλιος, gr. e re ήλιος, Ήλιος > it. sole
> bulg. слънце, çek. slunce, slunko, sluníčko, fr. soleil, port. sol, rus.
солнце, spanj. sol > çek. Silnice.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada, port. estrada > it. stradale.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > bulg. щрек, ger. Strecke.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. structure, it. struttura, shq. strukturë. Ndërtimi i një
strukture të çfarëdoshme kishte nevojë për fjalët shtroj dhe ndërtoj.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. construct, construction, destroy, destruct, destruction,
prostrate (dhe prostate), stratification, stratify, stratosphere, stratum,
strew, strewn, structure, structuring, substrate, bulg. разстройвам, çek.
strhnout, fr. construire, constructeur, constructible, constructif,
construction, détruire, détruit, destruction, estrade, ger. überstreuen, gr.
διάστρωση , διαστρωμάτωση, καταστροφή, στρατόσφαιρα, στρώμα, στρώνομαι, στρώνω,
στρωσίδι , στρωσίδια, στρώση, στρωτά , στρωτήρας, υπόστρωμα,
it. construire,
construzione, costruire, costruzione, detrito, strato, stratosfera, struttura,
strutturare, strutturazione, tritare, lat. construo, constructio, constructus,
destruo, detritus, instruo, struo, substratum, port. construir, rum. construi,
rum. strat, rus. строить, строение, spanj. construir, spanj. destrozar,
triturar, shq. ndërtim, ndërtimor, ndërtoj, ndërtuar, ndërtues, nënshtrim,
nënshtroj, nënshtruar, shtrat, shtresim, shtresohet, shtresoj, shtresor,
shtresuar, shtresë, shtresëzim, shtresëzohet, shtresëzoj, shtrim, shtroj,
shtrojë, shtruar.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. strategic, strategically, strategy, gr. στρατιά, στράτευμα,
στρατηγός, στρατηγική, shq. strateg, strategji.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > lat. stratus, shq. shtrat
(lumi, etj.), etj.
* * *
Shq. yll > it. alto
> fr. Altesse, it. Altezza
Egjipt. Ra
> shq. krye > shq. kryetar
Egjipt. Ra
> it. re, fr. roi, lat. rex, regis
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > fr. Altesse, it. Altezza > gr. πλούσιος
Egjipt. Ra > it. re, fr. roi, lat. rex, regis, shq. kryetar
> angl. rich, richness, ger. reich,
Reich, Reichtum.
Mbret bëhet ai që pasurohet mbi të gjithë me çfarëdo lloj mënyre
dhe mjeti. Prandaj, dhe
fr. roi, it. re, lat. rex > angl. rich, dan. rig, fr. riche,
ger. reich, holl. rijk, isl. rikur, it. ricco, sued. rik.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Egjipt Ra > it. circo > it. cercare, njëlloj si lat. intra –
it. entrare, lat. extra – it. estrarre.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin > angl. source > angl. search
Egjipt. Ra > fr. riche – fr. chère (anagrama)
Fr. chère – it. caro
Spanj. querido – it. caro
Shq. yll > gr. πλούσιος
Egjipt. Ra > angl. enrich, rich, richly, richness, fr. chère,
enrichir, riche, richesse, ger. abreichern, anreichern, bereichern,
Bereicherung, reich, reich-, -reich, reichhaltig, reichtlich, stinkreich,
zahlreich, it. arricchire, arricchirsi, arricchimento, arricchito, riccamente,
ricchezza, ricco, riccone, sued. anrika, berika, berikning, göra rik, rik,
riklik. Ger. Reichtum – ger. Bereich. Ger. reich – ger. erreichen, reichen, si
dhe angl. arrive, arrival, it. arrivare, arrivo.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > rum. înstărit
Angl. sun > turq. zengin, shq. zengjin
angl. god – shq. hoxhë
shq. hoxhë – serb. вођа
angl. leader – serb. вођа
Modele
fjalëformimi
Ger. reich > ger. bereichern, holl. verrijken
Krhs. Rus. бог – rus. богатый,
rus. богатый – angl. god, ger. Gott
sued. berika – turq.
Shih turq. bereketli – shq. bereqetlli
Turq. parali – shq. parelli
Angl. full, ger. voll, shq. boll, turq. bol
Turq. verimli – shq. veremli (antonime)
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. ar > thesar. > gr. & gr. vj. θησαυρός, lat.
thesaurus, shq. thesar > shq. thes. Krhs. lat. thesaurus, shq. thesar me
angl. desire, fr. désir, shq. dëshirë. Për analogji me rrënjën kryesore të
Kodit të Shqipes yll, nga ku rrjedhin angl. gold, holl. goud, goudgeld, rus.
злато, златой, золотистый, золото, золотой,
serb. zlato, sued. guld, turq. altin, nga egjipt. Ra rrjedhin shqipe ar, fr.
or, gr. χρυσός, hun. arany, it. oro, lat. aureus, rum. aur > lat.
auraria, aurarius, aurata, auratilis, auratura, auratus, aureatus, aureoles,
aureolus, auresco, auricoctor, auricolor, auricomans, auricomus, aurifer,
aurifex, aurificina, aurificium, aurifluus, aurifodina, aurifrigium, aurigans,
aurigena, auriger, aurilegulus, auripigmentum, auro, aurosus, aurugineus,
aurugino, auruginosus, aurugo, aurulentus, aurum.
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. leader, leading
egjipt. Ra > it. dirigente
angl. star > angl. steering
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Angl. leader - it.
conducente – shq. udhëheqës;
It. conducente > it. duce, lat. conduco, duco, dux;
Angl. leader, it. conducente > angl. god, goddess, ger. Gott.
Fjalë të formuara me ger. Gott: Gottesfurcht, Gottesreich, gottgegeben,
gottgleich, gottlos, Götterdämmerung, Göttergabe, göttergleich, Götterlehre,
Göttin, göttlich, Göttlichkeit.
Rus. улица > it. Ulisse; gr. οδός, shq. udhë > Odiseu;
Shq. ai > angl. path, gr. οδός, shq. udhë > shq. udhëheq,
udhëheqës, udhëheqje, udhëhequr;
# Egjipt. Ra > angl.
road, fr. route > ar. tarik;
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. Yll > … > egjipt. Ra
Egjipt. Ra > lat. rex në kuptimin biblik, njëlloj si shq. yll
> shq. Hyll, Hyj, Hyjni.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route, njëlloj si shq. yll > rus.
улица, angl. star > it. strada, angl. sun > spanj. sendero.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route > angl. right, ger. richtig,
lat. rectus > ger. gerade > ger.
gerademachen. Modele fjalëformimi: Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße,
holl. straat, it. strada > angl. straight > angl. straighten. Angl. star
> angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it. strada > angl. straight,
strict, strictness, ger. Strickheit, lat. stricte, strictus, shq. strikt.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route > angl. right, ger. richtig,
lat. rectus > gr. ορθο-, ορθός
(anagrama)
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route > angl. right, ger. richtig,
lat. rectus > ger. Recht, Richtigkeit. Shih angl. correctness.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, fr. route > angl. right, ger.
richtig, lat. rectus > angl. direct, it. dirigere, lat. dirigo, shq.
drejtoj. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. direction, director, shq. drejtim,
drejtor, drejtues.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route > ger. richten, Richtung.
Njëlloj, Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it. strada
> angl. steer, steering.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route > ger. richten, Richtung.
Njëlloj, Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it. strada
> angl. steer, steering.
Egjipt. Ra – angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus > angl.
correct, lat. corrego, shq. korrigjoj. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. correct,
correction, corrector, shq. korrigjim, korrigjoj, korrigjuar, korrigjues.
Egjipt. Ra – angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus > angl.
erect, ger. errichten, it. reggere, lat. erigo. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl.
erect, erection, redress, ger. errichten, it. erigere. Shih shq. ngre, ngritës,
ngritje, ngritur, rrit, rritje.
Egjipt. Ra – angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus > angl.
direct, fr. dirigent, diriger, it.
dirigente, dirigere, lat. dirigo, rego, rector, rex. Lat. dirigo, rex >
angl. rule, ruler, fr. régner, lat. regalis, regia, regius, port. reger, spanj.
regir, sued, regera, shq. dirigjent, dirigjoj, dirigjues, drejtim, drejtohem,
drejtoj, drejtuar, drejjtues. It. re > it. regalo (figura si Krishti) në
kuptimin biblik > it. regalare, spanj. regular.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Lat. dirigere, dirigo – lat. redigere, redigo (anagrama,
rishkrime)
Angl. direction – angl. redaction, lat. redactio (anagrama,
rishkrime)
Angl. redact, redactor, fr. rédacteur, rédaction, rédiger,
nor. redactor, redaksjon, redigering, shq. redaksi, redaktim, redaktoj, redaktor, redaktuar. Krhs. angl.
redact – angl. read; angl. read – ger. reden?!
Fjalë të
tjera të prejardhura
Lat. arrigo, corrigo, dirigo, erigo, porrigo, recorrigo, subrigo,
suberigo.
assurgo, insurgo, exsurgo, resurgo
ar- + lat. rego > lat. arrigo,
cor- + lat. rego > angl. correct, lat. corrigo. Fjalë të tjera
të prejardhura: angl. correction, lat. correctio, shq. korrektim, korrektues,
korrigjim, korrigjoj, korrigjuar, korrigjues.
rector, regalis, regia, regina, regius, regno, regnum, rex.
di- + lat. rego > lat. dirigo,
e- + lat. rego > lat. erigo,
por- + lat. rego > lat. porrigo,
recor- + lat. rego > lat. recorrigo,
sub- + lat. rego > lat. subrigo,
Shih rectifiable, rectifiably, rectified, rectifier,
si dhe
ad- + lat. surgo > lat. assurgo, surrexi, surrectus, assurgere.
Krhs. angl. arise, encrease, rise, it. crescere.
in- + lat. surgo > lat. insurgo
ex- + lat. surgo > lat. exsurgo
re- + lat. surgo > lat. resurgo
Fjalë të
prejardhura:
angl. direct, direction, director, ger. abrichten, anrichten, aufrichten,
ausrichten, einrichten, hinrichten,
Richter, Richtfest, richtig – angl. really, Richtung,
unterrichten, verrichten, holl, aanrichten, africhten, oprichten,
uitrichten, verrichten. Angl. right > shq. i caktuar (anagrama). Shq. i
caktuar > shq. cak, caktim, caktoj, caktuar, caktues, përcaktim, përcaktoj,
përcaktuar, përcaktues.
Por, ger. berichten,
zurichten < holl. – holl. voor te bereiden < voor ‘para’ + berei
‘bërë, bë’ + -ten.
Fjalë të
prejardhura:
ger. Gericht, shq. gatim,
gatuaj, gatuar, përgatis, përgatitje, përgatitur. Shih angl. ready, ger. gerade
Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > it. alto, alzare
egjipt. Ra > angl. grow. Njëlloj, angl. growing, growth, it. crescere, crescita, shq.
rrit, rritje, rritës, rritur.
Fjalë të
tjera të prejardhura
Angl. Angl. address, dress, dresser, redress, redressing, fr. dresser, it. indirizzare,
indirizzarsi, indirizzo. Shih fr. dire, indiquer, it. dire, indicare,
angl. indicate (1645), lat. index (1580), it. indice, shq. them.
Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura
Angl. dress, dressing
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus > ger. richten, Richtung
> angl. direct, direction, fr. diriger, ger. dirigieren, holl. dirigeren,
it. dirigere, direzione, lat. dirigo, directum, port. dirigir, spanj. dirigir,
shq. drejtim, drejtoj, drejtuar, drejtues, ndreq, ndreqës, -ndreqës, ndreqje, ndrequr.
Shq. orëndreqës.
Krhs. shq. ndreq - shq. dreq, angl. well – angl. ill.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll
> it. alto > fr. Altesse, it. Altezza
Egjipt. Ra
> shq. krye > shq. kryetar
Egjipt. Ra
> it. re, fr. roi, lat. rex, regis
Shq. yll > it. alto > it. alzare (il prezzo, etj.)
Egjipt. Ra > shq. në krye > shq. ngre (çmimin).
Egjipt. Ra > shq. në krye > angl. grow, fr. croître, it.
crescere, shq. rritem. Njëlloj shq. ngre, ngrihem, ngritje, ngritur.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të tjera të prejardhura
Angl. grow – angl. encrease
Angl. grow > angl. great, fr, grand, ger. groß, holl. groot,
it. grande it. ingrossato, ingrossare
Angl. grow > angl. great, fr, grand. groß, holl. groot, it.
grande, grosso > fr. grandeur, it. grandezza.
Egjipt Ra > shq. krye > shq. ngre krye, kryesi, kryesim,
kryesoj, kryesuar, kryetar, vë në krye
Egjipt. Ra > shq. krye, kryetar
Egjipt Ra > it. re, fr. roi, lat. rex, regis
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt Ra > it. re, fr. roi, lat.
rex, regis, shq. krye, kryetar > angl. encrease, gr. μακρύνω > angl.
macro-, gr. μακρός.
Angl. decrease > gr. μικραίνω >
angl. micro-, gr. μικρός > angl. mouse, mice, meio-, mio-, myo-, gr. vj. μῦς.
Gr. vj. μῦς ka marrë kuptime si ‘mi’; ‘midhje’; ‘peshkaqen’; ‘muskul’, shq. mi.
Fjalë të prejardhura
… angl. encrease > gr. μακρύνω >
gr. μακρινός, μακρινότατος, μακρινότερος, μακριούτσικος, μακροβιότητα,
μακροβιοτική, μακροθυμία, μακρόθυμος, μακροπρόθεσμος, μακροσκελής, μακρόστενος,
μακρούτσικος, μακροχρόνιος, μακρυά, μακρυμάνικος, μακρύς, μακρύτερα, μακρύτερος
… angl. decrease > gr. μικρός >
μικράτα, μικρεμπόριο, μικροαντικείμενο, μικροαπατεώνας, μικροαστικός,
μικροαστός, μικροατύχημα, μικρόβιο, μικροβιολογία, μικροβιολογικός,
μικρογραφία, μικροδουλειά, μικροεπεξεργαστής, μικροεπιχειρηματίας, μικροζητήματα,
μικροκαμωμένος, μικροκλοπή, μικρόκοσμος, μικροκύματα, μικροκυματικό,
μικρολεπτομέρειες, μικρολογώ, μικροοργανισμός, μικροποσότητα, μικροπράγματα,
μικροπρεπής, μικροπωλητής, μικροσκοπικός, μικροσκόπιο, μικρόσωμος, μικρόσωμος,
μικρότερος, μικροτσίπ, μικροφίλμ, μικρόφωνο, μίκρωτος, σμικρύνω. Shih. Gr. μικοκροκαμωμένος, shq. kokë,
kokërdhok, kokërr.
Modele fjalëformimi
Gr. μακρός = gr. μικρός njëlloj si
It. migliore = it. peggiore
Gr. μακρός, μικρός > gr. κοσμος.
Krhs. Shq. vjen > angl. revenue;
angl. vjen > angl. diminish > angl. minus > gr. mi-. gr. μειωμένος,
μειώνομαι, μειωνόμενος, μειώνω, μείωση, μειωτικός.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > it. alto, altezza, alzare, allevare, allevamento,
allevatore, alleviare, innalzamento, levare, lieve, lievemente, lievitare,
lievitazione, si dhe it. alzabile, alzarsi, alzato, innalzare, innalzarsi
rialzare, etj, lat. altus, levamentum, levatio, levatus, levigatus, levigo,
levis, levo. Po kështu, kemi angl.
alleviate, alleviated, alleviation, elevate, elevated, elevation, leave, left,
level, lift, relieve, relief.
Shiko se ç’kemi thënë për angl. high, fr. haut, ger. hoch, it. alto. Krhs. me
angl. other, fr. autre, it. altro.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Modele
antonimie
It. levare – angl. lower. Shih Antonimi te Modele Fjalëformimi.
Nga nocionet it. levare, levarsi, angl. lower rrjedh nocioni i përgjithshëm, që
shpreh shq. lëviz. Kkrhs. Holl. oplopen, ger. laufen, Fjalë të prejardhura:
shq. lavjerrës, lëvizës, lëvizje, lëvizur. Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. lavjerrës dhe shq. var, varem, varje, varur.
Shq. lavjerrës – shq. lëkundës, si dhe shq. lëkund, lëkundës,
lëkundje, lëkundur
Shq. lëkund – shq. shkund.
Fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. shkundës, shkundje, shkundur.
# Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin, fr. origine, gr. αρχή, it.
origine, lat. origo, shq. hyrje > angl. originate, generate , it. originare,
originarsi.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin, fr. origine, gr. αρχή, it. origine,
lat. origo, shq. hyrje > angl. originate > angl. arisen from > angl.
grown from.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shih shq. bërë > angl. from, shq. prej, shq. vjen > ger.
von, holl. van
Angl. arise from = angl. originate
Fjalë të
prejardhura
Angl. arisen angl. arise, arose, arisen, rise, rising, shq. rrit,
rritem, rritë, rritës, rritëse, rritje, rritshëm, rritur.
Egjipt. Ra > angl. crescent, decrease, increase, erect,
erection, grew, grow, grown, growth, horizon, origin, originate, rise, rose,
risen, fr. croissance, croissant, croître, décroître, it. crescere,
cresciuto, port. crescer, spanj. crecer, shq. arrij, arrita, arritur, kre,
krye, kryesi, kryesoj, kryesuar, kryetar.
Lat. cresco, crescere, crevi, cretum.
lat. ac-, ad- + lat. cresco > lat. accresco
lat. ad- + lat. cresco > lat. adcresco
lat. con- + lat. cresco > lat. concresco
lat. de- + lat. cresco > lat. decresco
lat. ex- + lat. cresco > lat. excresco
lat. in- + lat. cresco > lat. Incresco
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > angl. straighten.
Egjipt. Ra – angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus > angl.
erect, ger. errichten, it. reggere, lat. rego, shq. ngre, ngrihet.
Fjalë të prejardhura nga shq. ngre: shq. ngrihet, ngritës,
ngritje, ngritur, rrit, rritje, si dhe kryengritje, kryengritës.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. grow – shq. ngrihet
Angl. grown > angl. great, greatness, fr. grossesse, ger. grob,
groß , holl. groot, groein, it. grande, grandezza, grosso, ingrandire, rus.
грубый, крупный, shq. ngre, ngrihem, ngritje, ngritur, rris, rritet.
It. grande > shq. rëndem, rëndet, i rëndë, rëndësi, rëndësishëm
(i), rëndim, rëndohem, rëndoj, etj.
-crease, cresc-, -cret Elemente fjalëformues latinë me
kuptime ‘zmadhohem; rritem; shumëfishoj; shumoj’. Etim. Shq. yll > egjipt.
Ra > gr. arqhi > angl. encrease > angl. great, ger. groß,
holl. groot, it. grande > angl. arise, crescendo, crescent, decrease,
excrescence, excrescent, increase, increaser, increasingly, increment, greatness,
gross, row, growth, rise, fr. accroître, croissance, croissant, croître, crue,
décroître, it. crescere.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Ger. richten, lat. dirigo > angl. angl. accuracy, accurate, it.
accurate, Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura: ger. Richtsschnur, Richtung.
Angl. right – angl. accurate
Angl. accurate – angl. secure, sure. Njëlloj ascertain, assert,
assertion, certain, it. accertare, certo.
Angl. accurate – angl. secure, shq. i sigurtë. Shih angl. assess.
Angl. secure – angl. secret. Njëlloj, rus. закрытый – angl. secret, it. secreto, shq. sekret.
Shih te shq. bërë.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. right, ger. recht > angl. ratifier, ratify, ratification,
rectify, fr. ratifier, shq. ratifikim, ratifikoj, ratifikuar.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. right, ger. recht – lat. ratio, angl. reason, fr. raison,
rus. разум, shq. arsye.
Angl. ratio – angl. ration, fr. ration, shq. racion.
Shq. racional, racionalizim, racionalizoj, racionalizuar,
racionalizator,
Shq. racionim, racionoj, racionuar.
Angl. part – angl. portion
Angl. portion – shq. racion.
Angl. portion > angl. proportion.
Krhs. angl. right, ger. recht – gr. ακριβής; βεβαίως.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. straight – angl. right, gr. ortho- > angl. rigid,
rigidity, rough, roughness, it. rigidezza, rigidità, irrigidirsi, rigido, lat.
rigidus > angl. hard, harsh, harshness,
raw, crude, rude, fr. cru, écru , it. crudo, crudezza, rudezza, rudo,
lat. crudus > angl. cruel. cruelty;
Angl. right, ger. recht > angl. direct > gr. διορθώνω.
Angl. right, ger. recht > angl. correct, correction, ger.
Korrektur, korrigieren.
Krhs. angl. rough, roughness, sharp, sharpness, it. aspro,
aspramente, asprezza, inasprimento, inasprire, inasprirsi, shq. ashpër (i, e),
ashpërsim, ashpërsoj, ashpërsuar;
Angl. right – angl. rigid
Angl. rigid - angl. hard, ger. hart
angl. hard, ger. hart – angl. rude, it. duro
Angl. rude, It. rudo - angl.
crude, it. crudo
Angl. crude – it.
crudele. Njëlloj angl. raw. Egjipt. Ra > angl. origin > angl. raw;
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road > angl. direct > angl. right > angl. rigid
> angl. crude.
Angl. cruel – it.
crudele (shih shq. them)
Angl. crude, it. crudo – angl. rude, lat. rudis.
Angl. rude, It. rudo - fr. dure, it. duro, lat. durus (anagrama). Fr. dure > çek. surový (alternime d- s:
shih lat. semi – lat. demi).
Fjalë të ndërtuara me angl. crude: angl. crudeness, cruel,
cruelly, cruelty, fr. cruel, cruellement, ger. grausam, grob, it. crudele,
crudezza. Shih angl. grob – rus. грубый, крупный, ger. grob – ger. groß, ger.
groß – fr. gros. Kemi lidhje ndërtimi kuptimore, etimologjik dhe
fjalëformues mes nocionit të të qënit i madh dhe kaba, i vrazhdë. Njëlloj edhe
etimologjia e angl. coarse, harsh, harshness, etj.
Shq. yll > angl. ball > angl. bold, valiant, shq. ballas, ballë
(në ballë të …).
Shq. ai > angl. audacious
Egjipt. Ra > angl. courageous, heroic, daring.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me angl. rude: angl. rudeness. Shih angl. bust,
robust, it. forte
Fjalë të ndërtuara me fr. dure: angl. duration, during, endure,
enduring, fr. durable, durant, dure, durée, durer, holl. dure, duren, duur, it.
durare, duramente, durevole, durezza, duro, durometro, lat. durare, durus,
durabilis, duresco, duritas, duriter, duritia, duro, durus, spanj. durar, shq.
durim, duroj, duruar, duruar (i, e), si dhe angl. dirt, dirty, shq. ndyracak,
ndyraman, ndyranak, ndyras, ndyrë (i),
ndyrësi, ndyj, ndyhem.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me angl. crude, fr. crude, it. crudo: çek. surový
Angl. rough – shq. rrah, rrahje, rrahur; (në ligjërim) rraf,
rrafje, rrafur,
Angl. right > angl. rigorous, rigor, uprightness, ger.
Rigorismus, it. rigore, rigorista, rigoristico, rigorosità, rigoroso, lat.
rigor;
Angl. right > angl. rigid, it. rigido, etj.
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. strategy > angl. strategic, strategically, shq. strateg,
strategjik;
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. steer, steering. Njëlloj, Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route
> ger. richten, Richtung.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight
Angl. star > angl.
street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it. strada > angl. straight > angl.
straighten
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route, angl. star > holl. straat
> angl. street, ger. Straße, it. strada, lat. stratus > angl. straight
> straighten > angl. distraught, gr. ξεστρατίζω > angl. astray,
stray. Shih angl. abstract, distracted, it. astratto, distratto < angl.
extract < lat. extra.
# Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > angl. strict, it. stretto, lat. strictus
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight, strict, strictness, ger. Strickheit, lat. stricte,
strictus > it. stringere, lat. stringo > lat. astringo, circumstringo,
constringo, destringo, distringo, obstringo, perstringo, praestringo, stringo,
substringo > angl. astringent, constrain, constraint, constrict,
constriction, restrain, restraint, restrict, restricted, restriction,
restrictive, strain, strength, strengthen, strengthener, strengthening, strengthless, strictness, stringency, strong,
ger. stark, streng, Strenge, fr. contraindre, étreindre, étreint, étroit,
strict, it. constringere, stringere, lat. astricto, astrictus, constringo,
obstrictus, obstringere, obstringo, restricte, restringere, restringo,
restrictim, restrictio, restrictus, strictio, strictivus, strictor, strictura,
substrictior, substrictus, superstrictus, superstringo, port. estreito, rum.
constrânge, strâmpt, strâmt, strâmta, strâmtoare, strâmtură,
strânge, strimt, spanj. constreñir, estrecho, shq. shtrëngesë, shtrëngim,
shtrëngoj, shtrënguar, shtrëngues. Krhs. Shq. shtrenjtë (i, e), shtrenjtohet,
shtrenjtoj, shtrenjtësi, shtrenjtësim, shtrenjtësirë, shtrenjtuar.
Angl. star > … > stringency, it. stringent > angl.
strenuous, strenuously, strenuosity, it.
strenuo;
Angl. straight – angl. strict, it. stretto > angl. strait, it.
strettezza, stretto, strettoio, strettoia, struttura;
Angl. strict – angl. strong, ger. stark
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route > angl. right, ger. richtig,
lat. rectus.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > … ger.
stark
Egjipt. Ra > … > angl. hard, ger. hart, Härte;
# It. stringere, lat. stringo – angl. string
angl. string – angl, streak
angl. streak – angl. strap, strip, lat. stroppus
angl. strap, strip – angl. stripe, gr. στρόφος
angl. strip – angl. ribbon, rope, shq. rrip; rrjep, rrjepje,
rrjepur (i, e).
angl. ribbon – angl. band, bind, ger. binden, holl. binden,
dichtbinden, vastbinden, verbinden
angl. fasten (a strip), - holl vastbinden
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > … > stringency, it. stringent; egjipt. Ra >
…. > angl. urgent, urgency, shq. urgjent, urgjencë, urgjentisht.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Alternime brenda vargut të star (shih Përmbledhje e Kodit të
Gjuhës Shqipe)
angl. austere – angl. strict
angl. stern – angl. stringent
angl. stern - ger. streng
angl. strict – it. stretto
angl. strike – angl. stroke
angl. strike, struck, stricken
ger. stark – angl. strong
ger. streben - angl. strive, holl. strijven
ger. streng – angl. astringent, strict, stringent
it. stringere – shq. shtrëngoj
Krhs. angl. strive – angl. stride, ger. streiten dhe ger.
bestreiten, bestritten, estreitbar, erstreiten, Mitstreiter, Streit, streitbar,
Streiter, streitig
Angl. stride – angl. try
# It. stringere – angl.
strangle, strangulate, strangulation, it. strangolare;
Angl. strangle – it. stringere njëlloj si
Angl. sparkle – it. spargere.
# Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra – angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus > ger.
gerade > ger. gerademachen
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > angl. straighten.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > strict, strictness, ger. Strickheit, lat.
stricte, strictus.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route,
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > lat. stratum, stratus, shq. shtrat > angl. stratify,
stratification, stratosphere
Lat stratum, stratus + shq.
bërë, it. fare, etj. > angl. stratosphere, it. stratosfera > angl.
sphere, shq. sferë.
Lat. stratum > lat. sterno, shq. shtrij, shtroj > shq. shtresë,
shtresim, shtresoj, shtrirje, shtrirë, shtrojë, shtruar.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. strategy > angl. strategic, strategically, shq. strateg,
strategjik;
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. steer, steering. Njëlloj, Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route
> ger. richten, Richtung.
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight
Angl. star > angl.
street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it. strada > angl. straight > angl.
straighten
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > straighten > angl. distraught, gr.
ξεστρατίζω > angl. astray, stray. Shih angl. abstract, distracted, it.
astratto, distratto < angl. extract < lat. extra.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > angl. strict, it. stretto, lat. strictus
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight, strict, strictness, ger. Strickheit, lat. stricte,
strictus > it. stringere, lat. stringo > lat. astringo, circumstringo,
constringo, destringo, distringo, obstringo, perstringo, praestringo, stringo,
substringo > angl. astringent, constrain, constraint, constrict, constriction,
restrain, restraint, restrict, restricted, restriction, restrictive, strain,
strength, strengthen, strengthener, strengthening, strengthless, strictness, stringency, strong,
ger. stark, streng, Strenge, fr. contraindre, étreindre, étreint, étroit,
strict, it. constringere, stringere, lat. astricto, astrictus, constringo,
obstrictus, obstringere, obstringo, restricte, restringere, restringo,
restrictim, restrictio, restrictus, strictio, strictivus, strictor, strictura,
substrictior, substrictus, superstrictus, superstringo, port. estreito, rum.
constrânge, strâmpt, strâmt, strâmta, strâmtoare, strâmtură,
strânge, strimt, spanj. constreñir, estrecho, shq. shtrëngesë, shtrëngim,
shtrëngoj, shtrënguar, shtrëngues. Krhs. Shq. shtrenjtë (i, e), shtrenjtohet, shtrenjtoj,
shtrenjtësi, shtrenjtësim, shtrenjtësirë, shtrenjtuar.
Angl. star > … > stringency, it. stringent > angl.
strenuous, strenuously, strenuosity, it.
strenuo;
Angl. straight – angl. strict, it. stretto > angl. strait, it.
strettezza, stretto, strettoio, strettoia, struttura;
Angl. strict – angl. strong, ger. stark
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > … ger.
stark
Egjipt. Ra > … > angl. hard, ger. hart, Härte;
# It. stringere, lat. stringo – angl. string
angl. string – angl, streak
angl. streak – angl. strap, strip, lat. stroppus
angl. strap, strip – angl. stripe, gr. στρόφος
angl. strip – angl. ribbon, rope, shq. rrip; rrjep, rrjepje,
rrjepur (i, e).
angl. ribbon – angl. band, bind, ger. binden, holl. binden,
dichtbinden, vastbinden, verbinden
angl. fasten (a strip), - holl vastbinden
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. star > … > stringency, it. stringent; egjipt. Ra >
…. > angl. urgent, urgency, shq. urgjent, urgjencë, urgjentisht.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Alternime brenda vargut të star (shih Përmbledhje e Kodit të
Gjuhës Shqipe)
angl. austere – angl. strict
angl. stern – angl. stringent
angl. stern - ger. streng
angl. strict – it. stretto
angl. strike – angl. stroke
angl. strike, struck, stricken
ger. stark – angl. strong
ger. streben - angl. strive, holl. strijven
ger. streng – angl. astringent, strict, stringent
it. stringere – shq. shtrëngoj
Krhs. angl. strive – angl. stride, ger. streiten dhe ger.
bestreiten, bestritten, estreitbar, erstreiten, Mitstreiter, Streit, streitbar,
Streiter, streitig
Angl. stride – angl. try
# It. stringere – angl.
strangle, strangulate, strangulation, it. strangolare;
Angl. strangle – it. stringere njëlloj si
Angl. sparkle – it. spargere.
# Nocioni i shtrembërimit
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra – angl. right, ger. richtig, lat. rectus
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight
Angl. star > angl. street, ger. Straße, holl. straat, it.
strada > angl. straight > ant. angl. distort, it. distorcere,
distorcersi, lat. distorquere, shq. shtrembëroj.
Fjalë të
prejardhura
Angl. distort, distorted, distortion, it. distorcere, distorcersi,
distorsione, distorto, lat. distorquere, distortum, distortus, shq.
shtrembërim, shtrembërohem, shtrembëroj, shtrembëruar.
Lat. distorquere > it. torcere, lat. torqueo, torquere. It.
torcere, shq. tjerr, tjerrë, tjerrës,
tjerrëse, tjerrje, tjerrmë, tjerrshëm, tjerrtar, tjerrur, thur, thurak, thuret,
thurimë, thurje, thurur.
Lat. distorquere > shq. shqyej, shqyerje, shqyer.
Lat. torqueo > angl. tear, ger. zer-, shq. çjerr,
gërryej, gërryerje, gërryer, gërryes. Me të njëjtën etimologji: lat. excavare, excavo,
it. scavare.
Lat. distorquere = lat. excavare.
Po këtë etimologji kanë
edhe shq. tëharr, tëharrje. Fjalë të prejardhura me ndihmën e parashtesave at-,
circum-, con-, ob-, prae-, per, re- : attorqueo, circumtorqueo, contorqueo,
detorqueo, distorqueo, extorqueo, intorqueo, obtorqueo, pertorqueo,
praetorqueo, retorqueo, torques / torquis, torsio, torta, torte, tortilis,
tortio, tortivus, torto, tortor, tortum, tortura, tortus.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. writhe – it. torcere (anagrama). Angl. writhe rrjedh edhe
nga angl. wreath, shq. rreth < lat. rota < egjipt. Ra. Njëlloj si shq.
rreth – shq. thur.
Fjalë me
të njëjtën etimologji: angl. tortuous, lat. tortula, tortuose,
tortuositas, tortuosus. Shih it. tartaruga. Shih it. squarciare (squarciarsi,
squarcio). Shih angl. rip, ripe, ger. reif, shq. rrjep, rropa, rrjepur;
rrjepacak, rrjepacuk, rrjepë, rrjepës; rrjepje). It. squarciare (squarciarsi,
squarcio) > angl. four, ger. vier, it. quarto, quattro, shq. katër >
angl. scatter, shatter, shkatërroj.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > … > lat. circumvenio > angl. winding
Angl. star > … > angl. distort > angl. tortuous.
Modele fjalëformimi
It. torcere > angl. torsion
It. torcere > it. storcere > it. storto.
lat. torqueo > angl. torque.
It. torcere > fr. tordre, shq. tjerr, tora, tjerrë; tjerrë,
tjerrës, tjerrëse; tjerrje; tjerrmë; tjerrshëm (i); tjerrtar; thurr, thura,
thurur; thurrje. Njëlloj, lat. torqueo kemi angl. tear, torn, ger. zer-, shq.
çjerr, çora, çjerrë; çjerrë; çjerrës, çjerrje; çjerrmë; nxjerr, nxora, nxjerrë;
nxjerrës; nxjerrje; ther, thera, therur, therje.
Angl. torque – angl. fork, dan. fork, fr. fourche, ger. Forke,
Heuforke, holl. vork, it. forca, lat. furca rum. furcă, shq. furkë (ndërrime
fonetike f –t). Njëlloj, angl. fork – shq. pirun (alternime brenda vargut të
shq. bërë) > angl. pitchfork, bifurcus, furcifer, furcilla, furcillatus,
furcillo, furcosus, furcula, trifurcus. Krhs. angl. brush, shq. furçë.
Modele fjalëformimi
Angl. tear – shq. ndarë, njëlloj si fr. taille – shq. ndaj.
Angl. tear - shq. ndarë
Angl. torn < 1. angl. turn < fr. tour < angl. road, fr.
route < egjipt. Ra, njëlloj si angl. star > lat. stratus > angl.
straight > angl. distort > lat. distorquere > lat. torqueo > angl.
tear. Nga këto dy rrugë fjalëformimi, përmes alternimit shq. ar (egjipt. Ra) – shq.
yll kemi Përmes alternimit ar – yll kemi angl. tear, shq. ndarë – fr. taille
(tailler), ger. teilen, shq. ndaj.
Modele
fjalëformimi të tjera
fr. fin – gr. τέλος
angl. fine – gr. τέλειος
Angl. tail ‘bisht’ = gr. τέλος ‘ fund’.
Shih serb. deliti – angl. divide, serb. delo – ger. Teil. Ger.
Teil – it. lato, lat. latus.
Krhs. Angl. shear – angl. share, angl, shear – angl. tear, angl.
tear – ger. teilen.
Fjalë të
prejardhura: ger. Teil, shq. thelë > it. lato > gr. hedra. Me ndihmën e
dy rrënjëve ar dhe yll ne mbërrijmë tek barazimi angl. tear – shq. ndaj, ndarë
(ndaj). Fjalë të prejardhura: shq. ndaj,
ndava, ndarë. Krhs. ndarë – angl. tear, torn – ger. zer-, ger. zerren.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e parash. gjermane ze-: zerarbeiten,
zerbeißen, zerbersten, zerbomben, zerbrechen, zerbröckeln, zerbröseln,
zerdrücken, zerfahren, zerfallen, zerfasern, zerfetzen, zerfleddern,
zerfleischen, zerfließen, zerfressen, zergehen, zergliedern, zerhacken,
zerhauen, zerkauen, zerkleinern, zerknautschen, zerknittern, zerknüllen,
zerkratzen, zerkrümeln, zerlassen, zerlegen, zermahlen, zermalmen, zermanschen,
zermatern, zermatschen, zermürben, zerpflücken, zerplatzen, zerquetschen,
zerreiben, zerreißen, zerrütten, zerschellen, zerschlagen, zerschmelzen,
zerschmettern, zerschneiden, zerschrammen, zersetzen, zerspalten, zersplittern,
zersprengen, zerspringen, zerstampfen, zerstäuben, zerstören, zersägen,
zerteilen, zertrampeln, zertrennen, zertreten, zertrümmern, zerwühlen,
zerzausen.
Angl. straight > angl. distort., lat. distorquere > lat.
torqueo, it. torcere, shq. tjerr. Shih formimin e shq. shtjell. Lat. torqueo,
it. torcere, shq. tjerr > angl. tear, ger. zer-, shq. çjerr, ndarë. Po këtë
etimologji kanë edhe shq. tëharr, tëharrje. Përmes alternimit ar – yll kemi
angl. tear, shq. ndarë – fr. taille (tailler), ger. Teil (teilen), shq. ndaj.
Fjalë të prejardhura: ger. Teil, shq. thelë > it. lato > gr. hedra.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e gr. hedra: dodecahedron (1560s),
ephedra (1917), icosahedron (1560s), octahedron, polyhedron (1570),
sanhedrim (1588), tetrahedron (1570).
Shih
Angl. seat, ger. Sitz, it. sede – gr. vj. ἕδρη
Lat. semi – = gr. vj. hemi-, ἡμι-, ἥμισυς = lat. demi-, demidium
Njëlloj, gr. vj. ἕδος, ἕζομαι.
Me ndihmën e dy rrënjëve ar dhe yll ne mbërrijmë tek barazimi
angl. tear – shq. ndaj, ndarë (ndaj). > angl. tear - shq. ndarë > shq. ndaj, ger. teilen. Nga
lat. torqueo kemi angl. torture, it. tortura, shq. torturë, torturoj. Përmes
alternimit ar – star kemi straight, it. stretto - fr. route. Përmes rishkrimit
të route kemi fr. tour. Njëlloj, nga shq. yll > angl. cycle > angl.
circle, it. circo > angl. circle, it. circolare, shq. qarkulloj. Egjipt. Ra >
lat. circum, shq. qark, përqark > lat. rota, shq. rrotë > fr. route >
fr. tour (rishkrim i route) > angl. turn > angl. return, fr. returner.
Sinonim me angl. turn, return është gr. strofi e cila ndjek këtë rrugë
fjalëformimi: angl. star > lat. stratus > angl. straight > angl.
distort > lat. distorquere > gr. strofi. Shih angl. distort, distortion,
torture, gr. strefo, strofi.
Angl straight > it. stretto.
Shih fr. tailler, ger. teilen, shq. ndaj dhe angl. retaliate,
retaliation, retaliative, retaliatory, lat. retaliare, retaliatus. Shih zer- te
Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhët gjermanike.
# Fr. détruit, lat. detritus > angl. titer, titrant,
titratable, titrate, titrated, titration, titrator > fr. titre > angl.
title, lat. titulus.
Angl. destroy, destruct > angl. strike, ger. streichen
angl. construct – angl. destruct (Antonime)
angl. destruct > angl. strike down > strike, down
angl. down < un- dhe de-
un- + de- > undo > angl. do, done.
Angl. strike down – shq. shtrij poshtë
Angl. strike out – ger. streichen
Ger. Streich, Strich
Shih edhe stare, sto te Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhën
latine dhe ato neolatine, vargun -stendo-, -stens-, -stin-, tendo, -tendo,
-ten-, -tent-, -tin- te Etimologji –
lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Egjipt. Ra > angl. road, route, angl. star > holl. straat
> angl. street, ger. Straße, it. strada, lat. stratus > angl. straight
> ant. angl. distort. Angl. distort > lat. distorquere > lat. torqueo
> it. torcere, shq. tjerr. Lat. torqueo > angl. tear, ger. zer-, shq.
çjerr. Po këtë etimologji kanë edhe shq. tëharr, tëharrje. Ant. angl. distort.
Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. distorted, distortion, lat. distortum. Lat
distortum > lat. distorquere > it. torcere, torcersi, lat. torqueo. Fjalë
të prejardhura me ndihmën e parashtesave at-, circum-, con-, ob-, prae-, per,
re- : attorqueo, circumtorqueo, contorqueo, detorqueo, distorqueo, extorqueo,
intorqueo, obtorqueo, pertorqueo, praetorqueo, retorqueo, torques / torquis,
torsio, torta, torte, tortilis, tortio, tortivus, torto, tortor, tortum,
tortura, tortus. Fjalë me të njëjtën etimologji: angl. tortuous, lat. tortula,
tortuose, tortuositas, tortuosus. Shih it. tartaruga. Fjalë të tjera të
prejardhura: 1. it. squarciare (squarciarsi, squarcio). Shih angl. rip, ripe,
ger. reif, shq. rrjep, rropa, rrjepur; rrjepacak, rrjepacuk, rrjepë, rrjepës;
rrjepje). It. squarciare (squarciarsi, squarcio) > angl. four, ger. vier,
it. quarto, quattro, shq. katër >
angl. scatter, shatter, shkatërroj. 2. it. storcere > lat. torqueo
> angl. torque; fr. tordre, it. torcere, shq. tjerr, tora, tjerrë; tjerrë,
tjerrës, tjerrëse; tjerrje; tjerrmë; tjerrshëm (i); tjerrtar; thurr, thura,
thurur; thurrje. Njëlloj, lat. torqueo kemi angl. tear, torn, ger. zer-, shq.
çjerr, çora, çjerrë; çjerrë; çjerrës, çjerrje; çjerrmë; nxjerr, nxora, nxjerrë;
nxjerrës; nxjerrje; ther, thera, therur, therje. Angl. tear – shq. ndarë,
njëlloj si fr. taille – shq. ndaj. Angl.
tear, shq. ndarë < angl. torn < 1. angl. turn < fr. tour < fr.
route < shq. ar, njëlloj si angl. star > lat. stratus > angl. straight
> angl. distort > lat. distorquere > lat. torqueo > angl. tear. Nga
këto dy rrugë fjalëformimi, përmes alternimit ar (Ra) – yll kemi Përmes
alternimit ar – yll kemi angl. tear, shq. ndarë – fr. taille (tailler), ger.
teilen, shq. ndaj.
Modele
fjalëformimi të tjera
fr. fin – gr. τέλος
angl. fine – gr. τέλειος
Angl. tail ‘bisht’ = gr. τέλος ‘ fund’.
Shih serb. deliti – angl. divide, serb. delo – ger. Teil. Ger.
Teil – it. lato, lat. latus.
Krhs. Angl. shear – angl. share, angl, shear – angl. tear, angl.
tear – ger. teilen.
Fjalë të prejardhura: ger. Teil, shq. thelë > it. lato > gr.
hedra. Me ndihmën e dy rrënjëve ar dhe yll ne mbërrijmë tek barazimi angl. tear
– shq. ndaj, ndarë (ndaj). Fjalë të
prejardhura: shq. ndaj, ndava, ndarë. Krhs. ndarë – angl. tear, torn – ger.
zer-, ger. zerren.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e parash. gjermane ze-: zerarbeiten,
zerbeißen, zerbersten, zerbomben, zerbrechen, zerbröckeln, zerbröseln,
zerdrücken, zerfahren, zerfallen, zerfasern, zerfetzen, zerfleddern,
zerfleischen, zerfließen, zerfressen, zergehen, zergliedern, zerhacken,
zerhauen, zerkauen, zerkleinern, zerknautschen, zerknittern, zerknüllen,
zerkratzen, zerkrümeln, zerlassen, zerlegen, zermahlen, zermalmen, zermanschen,
zermatern, zermatschen, zermürben, zerpflücken, zerplatzen, zerquetschen,
zerreiben, zerreißen, zerrütten, zerschellen, zerschlagen, zerschmelzen,
zerschmettern, zerschneiden, zerschrammen, zersetzen, zerspalten, zersplittern,
zersprengen, zerspringen, zerstampfen, zerstäuben, zerstören, zersägen,
zerteilen, zertrampeln, zertrennen, zertreten, zertrümmern, zerwühlen,
zerzausen.
Angl. straight > angl. distort., lat. distorquere > lat.
torqueo, it. torcere, shq. tjerr. Shih formimin e shq. shtjell. Lat. torqueo,
it. torcere, shq. tjerr > angl. tear, ger. zer-, shq. çjerr, ndarë. Po këtë
etimologji kanë edhe shq. tëharr, tëharrje. Përmes alternimit ar – yll kemi
angl. tear, shq. ndarë – fr. taille (tailler), ger. Teil (teilen), shq. ndaj.
Fjalë të prejardhura: ger. Teil, shq. thelë > it. lato > gr. hedra.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me ndihmën e gr. hedra: dodecahedron (1560s),
ephedra (1917), icosahedron (1560s), octahedron, polyhedron (1570),
sanhedrim (1588), tetrahedron (1570).
Shih
Angl. seat, ger. Sitz, it. sede – gr. vj. ἕδρη
Lat. semi – = gr. vj. hemi-, ἡμι-, ἥμισυς = lat. demi-, demidium
Njëlloj, gr. vj. ἕδος, ἕζομαι.
Me ndihmën e dy rrënjëve ar dhe yll ne mbërrijmë tek barazimi
angl. tear – shq. ndaj, ndarë (ndaj). > angl. tear - shq. ndarë > shq. ndaj, ger. teilen. Nga
lat. torqueo kemi angl. torture, it. tortura, shq. torturë, torturoj. Përmes
alternimit ar – star kemi straight, it. stretto - fr. route. Përmes rishkrimit
të route kemi fr. tour. Njëlloj, nga shq. yll > angl. cycle > angl.
circle, it. circo > angl. circle, it. circolare, shq. qarkulloj. Egjipt. Ra
> lat. circum, shq. qark, përqark > lat. rota, shq. rrotë > fr. route
> fr. tour (rishkrim i route) > angl. turn > angl. return, fr.
returner. Sinonim me angl. turn, return është gr. strofi e cila ndjek këtë
rrugë fjalëformimi: angl. star > lat. stratus > angl. straight > angl.
distort > lat. distorquere > gr. strofi. Shih angl. distort, distortion,
torture, gr. strefo, strofi.
Angl straight > it. stretto.
Shih fr. tailler, ger. teilen, shq. ndaj dhe angl. retaliate,
retaliation, retaliative, retaliatory, lat. retaliare, retaliatus. Shih zer- te
Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhët gjermanike.
# Fr. détruit, lat. detritus > angl. titer, titrant,
titratable, titrate, titrated, titration, titrator > fr. titre > angl.
title, lat. titulus.
Angl. destroy, destruct > angl. strike, ger. streichen
angl. construct – angl. destruct (Antonime)
angl. destruct > angl. strike down > strike, down
angl. down < un- dhe de-
un- + de- > undo > angl. do, done.
Angl. strike down – shq. shtrij poshtë
Angl. strike out – ger. streichen
Ger. Streich, Strich
* * *
Shq. yll > angl. old, ger. alt
angl. star > rus. старший
angl. sun > angl. senior
* * *
Shq. yll
> it. alto, lat. altus
Shq. yll
> fr. altesse, it. Altezza
Shq. ai
> angl. high, up, fr. haut, ger. auf, hoch, holl. hoogte, op
Shq. ai
> angl. highness, ger. Hoheit
Egjipt. Ra
> shq. krye, kryetar
Egjipt Ra
> it. re, fr. roi, lat. rex
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. bërë > rus. совершать
Rus. совершать > rus. завершать,
Rus. завершать – serb. затворити.
Serb. затворен – serb. неотворен
Serb. затворен – rus. закрытый (alternime
brenda vargut të shqipes bërë: kri – vor)
rus. закрытый – angl.
secret, it. secreto, shq. sekret
rus. закрывать – angl. cover. Krhs. rus. за- (shih vargu i shq.
jam) nga fjalë si rus. закрывать.
angl. cover – angl. over
angl. over - rus. вверху
angl. over – it. sopra, lat. super, supra
angl. super, lat. super, supra – angl. hip, hop, shq. hip, hipur,
hopa
shq. hipur – gr. e vj. ἵππος, gr. e re ίππος
rus. вверху – rus. верховой
Modele
fjalëformimi
Ger. oben - angl. over
Njëlloj, holl. overeind, si dhe angl. end, ending, weekend, ger.
beenden, Ende, enden, etj.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. finish – been- te ger. beenden. Shih shq. vjen.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. bërë
> mbaresë, mbarim, mbaroj, mbaruar, mbërrij, mbërritje, mbërritur
Shq. vjen > fr. fin, finir, it. fine, finire, shq. fund,
përfundim, përfundoj, përfunduar.
Alternime
ar – bërë
Shq. arrij – shq. mbërrij.
Shq. mbërrij = shq. mbaroj
Njëlloj edhe shq. arrij, arritje, arritur, rrit, rritje, rritur,
etj.
Alternime
ai – ar
angl. over - ger. oben
Ger. oben – çek. rovně
çek. rovně - spanj. arriba. Krhs. ger. heben, hochheben, erheben.
Shih edhe angl. arrival, arrive, ger. erreichen, it. arrivare,
arrivo, shq. arrij, arritje, arritur, rrit, rritje, rritur, etj.. Krhs. pol.
góra: do góry, góra: w górę.
Alternime
bërë – vjen
ber – ben: ger. über – ger. oben.
ver - ben: angl. over - ger.
oben,
war, waar – ben: ger. oben, holl. boven – angl. upwards, holl. opwaarts
Shih Alternime brenda shqipes vjen ben – ven: ger. oben - holl.
boven; Alternime brenda shqipes ai
o – ob: ger. oben - holl. boven
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > it. alto, lat. altus > angl. tall. Shih ger.
toll, gr. telia.
Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. bërë > angl. over > shq. mirë. Shih vargun e shq. bërë.
Shq. bërë > πέρας.
Shq. vjen > fr. fin, it. fine > angl. fine
Shq. yll > it. alto, lat. altus > angl. tall
Shq. yll > fr. loin > It. lontano > gr. τελεία,
τελευταίος, τελικός, τέλος (anagrama, rishkrime).
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. ai > angl. high, up, ger. hoch > ger. hochheben >
ger. heben, oben, holl. boven.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. vë lart (it. mettere in alto) > fr. levée > fr. élevé.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll > it. levante. Etim. Le ‘yll; diell’ + -van ‘vjen’ +
-, -te > fr. levant, it. levante, shq. lind, lindje ‘ana nga vjen dielli’.
Krhs. Anadoll.
Lat. levare, levo, it. levare, fr. lever – angl. heave, upheave,
ger. heben, hochheben.
it. alto – high, it. venire in alto – it. levare, venire in ‘angl.
high’ > angl. heave.
Fr. lever > fr. levé, levée > fr. levier. Fr. lever > fr.
élévage, élévateur, élévation, élévatoir, élève, élever, éleveur. Krhs. élevé –
fr. élément, élémentaire.
Fjalë me të njëjtën etimologji:
shq. lëviz, lëvizje, lëvizës, lëvizur, si dhe lavjerrës, levë.
Modele
fjalëformimi
It. levare > ger. heben
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. lift, fr. lever, it. levare > angl. heave, hoist, ger.
heben, njëlloj si it. alto – angl. high, ger. hoch.
Shq. yll > fr. Altesse (p.sh. le roi Louis mbreti ‘Diell’),
it. Altezza > it. alta, alto, lat. altus, fr. haute > angl. loud,
ger. laut. Ger. laut = lat. audio. It. alto > it. alzare. Fjalë të
prejardhura: angl. elevate, elevation, lift, fr. haut, hautesse, fr. élever,
it. altitudine, alzare, elevare, innalzare, levare, rialzare, sollevare. It.
ele- + vare = solle-, sole + vare. Fr. haut > fr. hautesse, gr. αυξάνω =
ger. wachsen.
Shq. yll > fr. Altesse, it. Altezza > it. alto > angl.
high, fr. haut, ger. hoch > angl. highness, fr. hautesse, ger. Hoheit. Yll
> fr. Altesse, njëlloj si egjipt. Ra > it. re, fr. roi, lat. rex, regis.
Yll > fr. Altesse > gr. πλούσιος, njëlloj si egjipt. Ra > it. re, fr.
roi, lat. rex, regis > angl. rich,
richness, ger. reich, Reich, Reichtum.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. yll, ai > … > it. alto, fr. haut, angl. high, ger. hoch
> ger. gehoben (inf. heben), shq. hip, hyp, hopa, angl. heave > gib гиб
te rus. перегибать. Krhs. angl. hover, ger. heben – shq. gufon, shq. gufon –
shq. fryhet.
Shih au- te Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato
neolatine, au- te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën greke, hi-, ho-, wa-
te Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhët gjermanike. Shih –de- te Etimologji –
lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Nga fiziologjia e bimëve kemi këtë njëjtësi etimologjike
Angl. auxin = gr. αυξάνω
Shq. yll > fr. Altesse, Louis, it. Altezza, Luigi > angl.
Highness, ger. Hoheit
fr. Altesse, it. Altezza > angl. Highness, ger. Hoheit >
angl high, fr. haut, ger. hoch, it. alto.
Angl high, fr. haut, ger. hoch, it. alto > angl. auxin,
augment, fr. augmenter, hausser, ger. wachsen, gr. αυξάνω, it. alzare,
aumentare, lat. augere, augmentare.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. bën / vjen lart > angl. upheave, ger. hocheben. Angl.
upheave > angl. upheaval, njëlloj si angl. arrive > angl. arrival.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. vjen lart, it. viene in alto > fr. levé,
levée > It. levare, fr. lever, lat. levare, levo
Shq. vjen lart, it. viene in alto > fr. levé,
levée > ger. heben, hochheben (alternime ai – yll: he, o - le)
Shq. vjen lart, it. viene in alto > fr. levé,
levée > angl. lift, lifting.
Shq. vjen lart, it. viene in alto > fr. levé,
levée > angl. lift, lifting > angl. load, reload, unload, upload,
ger. laden, Ladung.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Ger. heben – ger. Hebel
It. levare – angl. lever, fr. levier, it. leva, shq. levë
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
It. levare – angl. level.
Shih fr. relief, shq. reliev.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shq. vjen > it. invitare, invite
Shq. vjen lart, it. viene in alto > … ger. laden, Ladung >
ger. eingeladen, einladen, Einladung.
Fjalë të
prejardhura nga ger. hochheben: abheben, anheben, aufheben, erheben,
Gewichtheben, hervorheben, Hebebühne, verheben.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shih angl. end, ger. beenden, Ende, etj..
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > it. alto. It. più alto > gr. υψηλότερο > gr.
υψηλός > gr. υψίφωνος, υψοφοβία, υψωμένος, υψόμετρο, υψώνομαι, υψώνω, ψηλά,
ψηλαφίζω, ψηλαφητός, ψηλαφώ, ψηλοκάβαλος, ψηλομύτα, ψηλομύτης, ψηλοτάκουνο, ψηλός,
ψηλότερος, ψηλώνω, ύψιστος, ύψωμα, ύψωση.
Fjalë të
ndërtuara me holl. op: hol. opnemen, opstaan, opspringen, opwaarts,
etj..
Fjalë të
ndërtuara me holl. hoog: holl. omhoog, etj.
Fjalë të
ndërtuara me angl. over: angl. overable,
overabstract, overabstracted, overabstracting, overabundance, overabundant,
overaccentuate, overaccentuated, overaccentuating, overachieve, overachieved,
overachievement, overachiever, overachieving, overact, overacted, overacting,
overaction, overactive, overactivity, overadjustment, overage, overaged,
overaggressive, overalert, overall, overalled, overamplified, overanalytical,
overanalyze, overanalyzed, overanalyzing, overanxiety, overapplication,
overapt, overarch, overarched, overarching, overarm, overarousal, overarrange, overarranged,
overarranging, overarticulate, overarticulated, overarticulating, overassert,
overasserted, overasserting, overassertion, overassertive, overassessment,
overate, overattention, overawe, overawed, overawing, overbake, overbaked,
overbaking, overbalance, overbalanced, overbalancing, overbear, overbearing,
overbearingly, overbeat, overbeaten, overbeating, overbed, overbejeweled,
overbet, overbetted, overbetting, overbid, overbidden, overbidder, overbidding,
overbig, overbill, overbilled, overbilling, overbite, overbleach, overbleached,
overbleaching, overblew, overblouse, overblow, overblowing, overblown,
overboard, overboil, overboiled, overboiling, overbold, overbook, overbooked,
overbooking, overbore, overborn, overborne, overborrow, overborrowed,
overborrowing, overbought, overbreathing, overbred, overbrief, overbright,
overbroad, overbrowse, overbrowsed, overbrowsing, overbrutal, overbuild,
overbuilding, overbuilt, overburden, overburdened, overburdening, overburn,
overburned, overburning, overburnt, overbusy, overbuy, overbuying, overcall,
overcalled, overcalling, overcame, overcapacity, overcapitalization,
overcapitalize, overcapitalized, overcapitalizing, overcareful, overcast,
overcasted, overcasting, overcaution, overcautioned, overcautioning,
overcentralization, overcentralize, overcentralized, overcentralizing,
overcharge, overcharged, overcharging, overchill, overchilled, overchilling,
overcivilized, overclaim, overclaimed, overclaiming, overclassification,
overclassified, overclassify, overclassifying, overclean, overcleaned,
overcleaning, overclear, overcleared, overclearing, overcloud, overclouded,
overclouding, overcoach, overcoached, overcoaching, overcoat, overcold,
overcome, overcomer, overcoming, overcommercialization, overcommercialize,
overcommercialized, overcommercializing, overcommit, overcommitment,
overcommitted, overcommitting, overcommunicate, overcommunicated,
overcommunicating, overcommunication, overcompensate, overcompensated,
overcompensating, overcompensation, overcompensatory, overcomplex,
overcompliance, overcomplicate, overcomplicated, overcomplicating,
overcompressed, overcompressing, overconcentration, overconcern, overconcerned,
overconcerning, overconfidence, overconfident, overconfidently,
overconservative, overconstruct, overconstructed, overconstructing,
overconsume, overconsumed, overconsuming, overconsumption, overcontrol,
overcontrolled, overcontrolling, overcook, overcooked, overcooking, overcool,
overcooled, overcooling, overcorrect, overcorrected, overcorrecting,
overcorrection, overcount, overcounted, overcounting, overcoy, overcram,
overcrammed, overcramming, overcritical, overcrop, overcropped, overcropping,
overcrowd, overcrowded, overcrowding, overcultivation, overcure, overcured,
overcuring, overcut, overcutting, overdare, overdared, overdaring, overdear,
overdeck, overdecked, overdecking, overdecorate, overdecorated, overdecorating,
overdecoration, overdemanding, overdependence, overdependent, overdesign,
overdesigned, overdesigning, overdetermined, overdevelop, overdeveloped,
overdeveloping, overdevelopment, overdid, overdifferentiation, overdirect,
overdirected, overdirecting, overdiscount, overdiscounted, overdiscounting,
overdiversified, overdiversity, overdo, overdocument, overdocumented, overdocumenting,
overdoer, overdog, overdoing, overdominance, overdominant, overdone,
overdosage, overdose, overdosed, overdosing, overdraft, overdramatic,
overdramatize, overdramatized, overdramatizing, overdrank, overdraw,
overdrawing, overdrawn, overdressed, overdressing, overdrew, overdried,
overdrink, overdrinking, overdrive, overdriven, overdriving, overdrove,
overdrunk, overdry, overdrying, overdub, overdubbed, overdubbing, overdue,
overdye, overdyed, overdyeing, overeager, overearnest, overeasy, overeat,
overeaten, overeater, overeating, overed, overedit, overedited, overediting,
overeducate, overeducated, overeducating, overeducation, overelaborate,
overelaborated, overelaborating, overelaboration, overembellish,
overembellished, overembellishing, overembellishment, overemote, overemoted,
overemoting, overemotional, overemphasize, overemphasized, overemphasizing,
overemphatic, overenamored, overencourage, overencouraged, overencouraging,
overenergetic, overengineer, overengineered, overengineering, overenrolled,
overentertained, overenthusiasm, overenthusiastic, overenthusiastically,
overequipped, overestimate, overestimated, overestimating, overestimation,
overevaluation, overexaggerate, overexaggerated, overexaggerating,
overexaggeration, overexcite, overexcited, overexciting, overexercise,
overexercised, overexercising, overexert, overexerted, overexerting,
overexertion, overexpand, overexpanded, overexpanding, overexpansion,
overexpectation, overexplain, overexplained, overexplaining, overexplicit, overexploit,
overexploitation, overexploited, overexploiting, overexpose, overexposed,
overexposing, overexposure, overextend, overextended, overextending,
overextension, overextraction, overextrapolation, overextravagant,
overexuberant, overfacile, overfamiliar, overfamiliarity, overfar, overfast,
overfat, overfatigue, overfatigued, overfavor, overfavored, overfavoring,
overfear, overfeared, overfearing, overfed, overfeed, overfeeding,
overfertilization, overfertilize, overfertilized, overfertilizing, overfill,
overfilled, overfilling, overfish, overfished, overfishing, overflew,
overflight, overflow, overflowed, overflowing, overflown, overfly, overflying,
overfocused, overfocusing, overfocussed, overfocussing, overfond, overfoul,
overfree, overfulfill, overfulfilled, overfulfilling, overfull, overfund,
overfunded, overfunding, overfussy, overgarment, overgeneralization,
overgeneralize, overgeneralized, overgeneralizing, overgenerosity,
overgenerously, overgild, overgilded, overgilding, overgilt, overgird, overgirded,
overgirding, overgirt, overglad, overglamorize, overglamorized,
overglamorizing, overglaze, overgoad, overgoaded, overgoading, overgovern,
overgoverned, overgoverning, overgraze, overgrazed, overgrazing, overgrew,
overgrow, overgrowing, overgrown, overgrowth, overhand, overhanded,
overhanding, overhandle, overhandled, overhandling, overhang, overhanging,
overhard, overharvest, overharvested, overharvesting, overhasty, overhate,
overhated, overhating, overhaul, overhauled, overhauling, overhead, overheap,
overheaped, overheaping, overhear, overheard, overhearing, overheat,
overheated, overheating, overheld, overhigh, overhold, overholding, overholy,
overhomogenize, overhomogenized, overhomogenizing, overhope, overhoped,
overhoping, overhot, overhung, overhunt, overhunted, overhunting, overhype,
overhyped, overhyping, overidealistic, overidealize, overidealized,
overidealizing, overidentification, overidentified, overidentify,
overidentifying, overidle, overimaginative, overimpressed, overimpressing, overindulge,
overindulged, overindulgence, overindulgent, overindulging, overindustrialize,
overindustrialized, overindustrializing, overinflate, overinflated,
overinflating, overinflation, overinform, overinformed, overinforming, overing,
overingenuity, overinsistent, overinsure, overinsured, overinsuring,
overintellectualization, overintellectualize, overintellectualized,
overintellectualizing, overintense, overintensity, overinterpretation,
overinvestment, overissuance, overissue, overissued, overissuing, overjoy,
overjoyed, overjoying, overjust, overkeen, overkill, overkilled, overkilling,
overkind, overlabor, overlabored, overlaboring, overlade, overladed, overladen,
overlading, overlaid, overlain, overland, overlap, overlapped, overlapping,
overlarge, overlate, overlavish, overlax, overlay, overlaying, overleaf,
overleap, overleaped, overleaping, overleapt, overlearn, overlearned,
overlearning, overlend, overlending, overlength, overlengthen, overlengthened,
overlengthening, overlent, overlet, overletting, overlewd, overlie, overlight,
overlighted, overlighting, overlit, overliteral, overliterary, overlive,
overlived, overliving, overload, overloaded, overloading, overlong, overlook,
overlooked, overlooking, overlord, overlorded, overlording, overlordship,
overloud, overlove, overloved, overloving, overlush, overly, overlying,
overman, overmanage, overmanaged, overmanaging, overmanned, overmannered,
overmanning, overmantel, overmany, overmaster, overmastered, overmastering,
overmatch, overmatched, overmatching, overmature, overmaturity, overmedicate,
overmedicated, overmedicating, overmedication, overmeek, overmelt, overmelted,
overmelting, overmen, overmighty, overmild, overmilk, overmilked, overmilking,
overmine, overmined, overmining, overmix, overmixed, overmixing, overmodest,
overmodestly, overmodulated, overmuch, overmuscled, overnear, overneat,
overnew, overnice, overnight, overnighted, overnighter, overnighting,
overnourish, overnourished, overnourishing, overnutrition, overoperate,
overoperated, overoperating, overopinionated, overoptimism, overoptimist,
overoptimistic, overoptimistically, overorchestrate, overorchestrated,
overorchestrating, overorganize, overorganized, overorganizing, overornament,
overornamented, overornamenting, overpackage, overpackaged, overpackaging,
overpaid, overparticular, overpassed, overpassing, overpast, overpay,
overpaying, overpayment, overpedal, overpedaled, overpedaling, overpedalled,
overpedalling, overpeople, overpeopled, overpeopling, overpersuade,
overpersuaded, overpersuading, overpersuasion, overpert, overplaid,
overplaided, overplan, overplanned, overplanning, overplant, overplanted,
overplanting, overplay, overplayed, overplaying, overplied, overplot,
overplotted, overplotting, overply, overplying, overpopulate, overpopulated,
overpopulating, overpopulation, overpotent, overpower, overpowered,
overpowering, overpoweringly, overpraise, overpraised, overpraising,
overprecise, overprescribe, overprescribed, overprescribing, overprescription,
overpressure, overprice, overpriced, overpricing, overprint, overprinted,
overprinting, overprivileged, overprize, overprized, overprizing,
overprocessed, overprocessing, overproduce, overproduced, overproducing,
overproduction, overprogram, overprogramed, overprograming, overprogrammed,
overprogramming, overpromise, overpromised, overpromising, overpromote,
overpromoted, overpromoting, overproof, overproportion, overproportionate,
overproportionately, overproportioned, overproportioning, overprotect,
overprotected, overprotecting, overprotection, overprotective, overpump,
overpumped, overpumping, overqualified, overran, overrank, overrash, overrate,
overrated, overrating, overreach, overreached, overreacher, overreaching,
overreact, overreacted, overreacting, overreaction, overrefined,
overrefinement, overregulate, overregulated, overregulating, overregulation,
overreliance, overreport, overreported, overreporting, overrepresentation,
overrepresented, overrespond, overresponded, overresponding, overrich,
overridden, override, overriding, overrife, overrigid, overripe, overrode,
overrude, overruff, overruffed, overruffing, overrule, overruled, overruling,
overrun, overrunning, oversad, oversale, oversalt, oversalted, oversalting,
oversanguine, oversaturate, oversaturated, oversaturating, oversaturation,
oversauce, oversauced, oversaucing, oversave, oversaved, oversaving, oversaw,
overscale, overscaled, oversea, oversecretion, oversee, overseed, overseeded,
overseeding, overseeing, overseen, overseer, oversell, overselling, oversensitive,
oversensitivity, overseriously, overservice, overserviced, overservicing,
overset, oversetting, oversew, oversewed, oversewing, oversewn, oversexed,
overshadow, overshadowed, overshadowing, overshirt, overshoe, overshoot,
overshooting, overshot, oversick, overside, oversight, oversimple,
oversimplification, oversimplified, oversimplify, oversimplifying,
oversimplistic, oversimply, oversize, oversized, overskirt, overslaugh,
overslaughed, overslaughing, oversleep, oversleeping, overslept, overslip, overslipped,
overslipping, overslipt, overslow, oversmoke, oversmoked, oversmoking,
oversoak, oversoaked, oversoaking, oversoft, oversold, oversoon,
oversophisticated, oversoul, overspecialization, overspecialize,
overspecialized, overspecializing, overspeculate, overspeculated,
overspeculating, overspeculation, overspend, overspender, overspending,
overspent, overspill, overspin, overspread, overspreading, overstability,
overstaff, overstaffed, overstaffing, overstate, overstated, overstatement,
overstating, overstay, overstayed, overstaying, oversteer, overstep,
overstepped, overstepping, overstimulate, overstimulated, overstimulating,
overstimulation, overstir, overstirred, overstirring, overstock, overstocked,
overstocking, overstory, overstrain, overstrained, overstraining, overstressed,
overstressing, overstretch, overstretched, overstretching, overstrew,
overstrewed, overstrewing, overstrewn, overstridden, overstride, overstriding,
overstrike, overstriking, overstrode, overstruck, overstructured, overstrung,
overstuff, overstuffed, overstuffing, oversubscribe, oversubscribed,
oversubscribing, oversubscription, oversubtle, oversudsed, oversudsing,
oversup, oversupped, oversupping, oversupplied, oversupply, oversupplying,
oversure, oversweet, oversweeten, oversweetened, oversweetening, overswing,
overswinging, overswung, overt, overtake, overtaken, overtaking, overtalk,
overtalkative, overtalked, overtalking, overtame, overtart, overtask,
overtasked, overtasking, overtax, overtaxation, overtaxed, overtaxing, overthin,
overthink, overthinking, overthought, overthrew, overthrow, overthrowing,
overthrown, overtighten, overtightened, overtightening, overtime, overtimed,
overtiming, overtip, overtipped, overtipping, overtire, overtired, overtiring,
overtly, overtoil, overtoiled, overtoiling, overtone, overtook, overtop,
overtopped, overtopping, overtrade, overtraded, overtrading, overtrain,
overtrained, overtraining, overtreat, overtreated, overtreating, overtreatment,
overtrick, overtrim, overtrimmed, overtrimming, overtrump, overtrumped,
overtrumping, overture, overtured, overturing, overturn, overturned,
overturning, overurge, overurged, overurging, overuse, overused, overusing,
overutilization, overutilize, overutilized, overutilizing, overvaluation,
overvalue, overvalued, overvaluing, overview, overviolent, overvivid,
overvoltage, overvote, overvoted, overvoting, overwarm, overwarmed,
overwarming, overwary, overwater, overwatered, overwatering, overweak,
overwear, overwearing, overweary, overween, overweened, overweening,
overweeningly, overweigh, overweighed, overweighing, overweight, overweighted,
overweighting, overwet, overwetted, overwetting, overwhelm, overwhelmed,
overwhelming, overwhelmingly, overwide, overwily, overwind, overwinding,
overwinter, overwintered, overwintering, overwise, overwithheld, overwithhold,
overwithholding, overword, overwore, overwork, overworked, overworking,
overworn, overwound, overwrite, overwriting, overwritten, overwrote,
overwrought, hol. overeind.
Fjalë të
ndërtuara me angl. up: angl. upbeat, upbraid, upbringing, upcoming,
opdate, upend, upfront, upgrade, upheaval, upheave, upheave, upload, etj.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > it. alto > it. salto > fr. sauter, it.
saltare, lat. salto , port. saltar m spanj. saltar > angl. exult,
exultation, gr. αγαλλιάζω, αγαλλίαση, αναγαλλιάζω. Krhs. angl. glee,
gleam, joy, rejoice, jubilee. Krhs.
angl. exuberance, exuberant dhe angl. over, ger. ober-, über, it. sovra-, lat.
super-.
It. saltare > elementet fjalëformues latine sali-, salt-,
sult-. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. assail, assailability, assailable,
assailant, assailed, assault, assaulter, desultorily, desultoriness, desultory,
exult, exultant, exultation, exultingly, insult, insult, insulter, insultingly,
resile, resilience, resiliency, resilient, resiliently, resultant, resultantly,
salacious, salaciously, salaciousness, sali-, salience, salient, salientian,
salita, sallied, sally, salmon, salt-, saltant, saltarello, saltate, saltation,
saltation, saltationism, saltations, saltativeness, saltatorious, saltatory,
saltigrade, somersault, sult-, assault, assaulter, desultory, insult, resile,
resilience, resiliency, resilient.
Nocioni i
limitit
Nga mbiemra si it. alto, lat. altus si dhe angl. old, ger. alt
rrjedh nocioni i limitit:
lim-, -limin-, ultim- Elemente fjalëformues latinë me kuptimin
‘kufi’. Etim. shq. yll > ger. alt, angl. old > angl. limit, it. ultimo,
lat. ultimus. Njëlloj edhe shq. yll, ai, ajo (anë, send, etj.) > lat. ultra
> ultim- > angl. limit, it. ultimo, lat. ultimus.
Angl. limited, ultimate,
lat. ultimus – angl. final, it. finale, lat. finalis (rishkrime). Fjalë të
prejardhura: eliminate, elimination, illimitable, liminal, liminometer,
liminoscope, limit, limitable, limitary, limitation, limited, limitless,
preliminary, sublimate, sublimation, sublime, subliminal, subliminally,
superliminal, supraliminal, unlimited, unlimitedness.
Fjalë të tjera të prejardhura: angl. antepenult, antepenultimate,
penult, penultimate, ultimate, ultimately, ultimatum, ultimobranchial,
ultimogeniture, it. penultima, ultima, ultimazione, ultimo, ultimamente,
ultimare, ultimativo, ultimissima, ultimogenito, lat. ultimum, ultimus. Krhs.
angl. final, last, limit, terminal.
Anagrama
It. ultimazione – it. mutilazione.
Modele
antonimie
Angl. gr. eu- – ant. angl. ill, lame. Angl. lame - fr. mal, it.
male (anagrama)
Ger. gelb – shq. gjelbërt i, e)
It. alto, lat. altus – angl. low, shq. ulët (i, e)
It. levare – angl. lower
It. caldo – ant. angl.
cold, ger. kalt, rus. холодный
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. regal, reign, royal, royalty, fr. régner, reine, roi,
royaume, royauté, it. re, regina, regnare, regno, lat. regalis, regia, regno, regnum, port.
rei, reinar, rum. rege, spanj. rey, reinar.
Krhs. Shq. bërë > shq. para > shq. i parë > angl. priest,
it. prete, shq. mbret, mbretëri, princ, principatë.
It. prete > shq. mbret (ndërrime fonetike mb – p).
* * *
Shq. yll
> it. alto > it. alzare
Shq. ai
> angl. augment, fr. augmenter, it. aumentare.
Egjipt Ra
> shq. krye > shq. kryesoj
Egjipt Ra
> angl. encrease
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Aud-, audi-, audio-, audit-
Fjalë – rrënjë latine me kuptimin ‘dëgjim’. Etim. : shq. yll > it. Altezza, fr.
Altesse, hautesse > 1. it. alto, lat. altus, fr. haut. It. alto > ger.
laut, lat. audi- > lat. audio > it. udire. Shih vargun e shqipes ai te
Kodi i Gjuhës Shqipe.
ex- + audi- + -o > lat. exaudio
in- + audi- + -o > lat. inaudio
ob- + audi- + -o > lat. obaudio
sub- + audi- + -o > lat. subaudio
Fjalë të prejardhura: I. Shq. ai > parash. au- > lat. audio
> angl. audible, audience, audio, audit, audition, auditorium, audiovisual,
auditory, it. udire, udito, udienza, lat. audiens, audientia, auditio, auditor,
auditus. Lat. audio > it. udire > fr. ouir > angl. ear, hear, ger.
hören (aufhören, gehören, hörbar, Hörbereich, Hörbuch, Hörer, hörig, Hörnerv,
Hörsaal, hörsam, Hörschärfe, Hörvermögen, Hörweite, mithören, überhören,
zuhören), port. ouvir, rum. auzi, spanj. oír. Shih al- te Etimologji – lojra
leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine, au- te Etimologji - lojra
leksikore në gjuhën greke, wa- te Etimologji – lojra leksikore në gjuhët
gjermanike.
# Aug-, auc-, auct-, aux-, auxano-, auxi-, auxo- Elemente fjalëformues latinë me kuptime
‘shtoj; rrit; rritje; shtim’. Au- te angl. augment, it. aumentare, gr. αυξάνω =
hau- te fr. hausser, al- te it. alzare = wa te angl. wax, ger. wachsen. Fr.
augmenté = fr. élevé, men = ve (M = Ë). Shih gr. επαυξημένης. Krhs. fr.
augmenter – fr. lever (alternime ai – yll). Fjalë të prejardhura: angl.
augmentation, fr. hausse.
Angl. augment = angl. grow (alternime ai – ar)
Angl. augmentation – angl. growing
* * *
Shq. yll
> fr. loin
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. Yll
> fr. loin > fr. lointain, it. lontano > angl. elongation, length,
long, fr. éloigné, éloignement, éloigner, élongation, long, longue, longeur,
longuement, ger. lang, gr. vj. τῆλε, holl. lang, it. allontanare, allontanamento,
allungare, allungamento, lontanamente, lunghezza, lungo, lat.longe, longitanus,
longus, rus. далеко, shq. gjatë, gjatë(i), gjatësi, zgjat, zgjatem, zgjatoj, zgjatuar,
zgjatues.
It. lungo – shq. i gjatë, i glatë
It. lungo = rus. долгий
Rus. про- +
rus. долгий > rus. продлить = angl. prolong, ger. verlängern
Rus. продолжать = angl. prolongate
rus. продолжать < прод + -олжать
-олжать < олжен + - prap. ать
-ать te rus. продолжать = angl. –ate te prolongate
долгий < продолжение
-олжен- : long, longue, lungo etj.
It.
lontano > rus. дальний, отдаленный, отдалённый, удаленный > fr.
détailler, entailler, taille, taillé, tailler, tailleur, ger. abteilen,
Abteilung, aufteilen, austeilen, erteilen (krhs. beurteilen, Urteil),
einteilen, erteilen, Teil, teilen, unterteilen, urteilen, verteilen, zerteilen,
zuteilen, hebr. havdala, holl. deel, delen, it. dettagliare, dettaglio,
distogliere, ritagliare, ritaglio,
ritogliere, stogliere, tagliare, taglio, talea, togliere, rus. водораздел,
дальше, отдел (Abteilung, department), дележ, деление, делить, делиться,
оделять – austeilen, отделать, отделаться, отделение, отделить, отделиться,
отделкаотделять, отделяться, подразделять, раздел, разделение, разделять,
разделяться, распределять, serb-kroat. deliti, dodeliti, izdeliti, odeliti,
podeliti, razdeliti, delo – holl. deel, sloven. oddelenije.
Latinishtja mitto ( < shq. vë, vendos, vendoset) lidh
etimologjikisht grup e fjalëve paraardhëse me grupin tjetër të fjalëve që
vijojnë si: ger. ermitteln, melden, Meldung, mitteilen, Mitteilung, vermitteln
‘mediate’, Vermittler, Vermittlung, holl. (afmelden, aanmelden, mededelen,
meedelen, melden, melding, taal, tellen, vermelden, vertellen.
# Angl. telegraph = heb. dilug-rav “kërcim i gjatë?! Shih gadol
Yisrael, gadol BeYisrael, gedolei Yisrael.
# Angl. last ‘i fundit’ = gr. τέλος ‘fund’ (rishkrime, anagrama).
Me të njëjtën etimologji: gr. τελειώνω, τέλος. Shih angl. tail, shq. dal, dola,
dalë, dalje.
Shq. lindje – it. levante. Në gjuhën shqipe kemi shq. dalje = shq.
lindje (metateza të njëra – tjetrës). Lindjes grekët i thonë Ανατολή dhe
mbarimit τέλος. Në gjuhën shqipe dalje, përveç kuptimit “lindje” si tek dalja e
diellit, ajo merr dhe kuptimin e fundit si te “dalje e një rezultati”, prandaj
dhe metateza e saj greke τέλος ka marrë kuptimin e “fundit”.
Krhs. Gr. Ανατολή – shq. Anadoll, it. alba – it. Albania.
Greqishtja τέλος është metatezë me angl. last “i fundit”, njëlloj
si italishtja posto me greqishten topos, për të cilën ju kemi folur më parë.
Në shkencat e natyrës dhe në filozofi, përveç konceptit të
fundësisë njihet edhe koncepti i pafundësisë, të cilat në anglisht shprehen me
mbiemrin last “i fundit” dhe lasting, long-lasting, everlasting “që zgjat
shumë, pafundësisht”.
Etimologjikisht, angl. ever = over, por, ever don të thotë
gjithmonë, ndërsa over i jep shprehjes “it is over” kuptimin “merr fund”.
Fjalë të prejardhura: gr. ανατολή, ανατολή (ηλίου), ανατολικός,
Ανατολίτης, ανατολίτικος, Ανατολίτισσα, αποτέλεσμα, επιτέλεση, επιτελείο,
επιτέλεση, επιτελικός, επιτέλους, επιτελώ, επίτευγμα, επίτευξη, επιτεύξιμα,
επιτεύξιμος, τελεία, τέλεια(!), τελειομανής, τελειοποίηση, τελειοποιώ, τέλειος,
τελειότητα, τελειόφοιτη, τελειόφοιτος, τελείωμα, τελειωμένος, τελειωμός,
τελειώνω, τελείως, τελειώσει, τελειωτικός, τέλεση, τελεσίδικος, τελεσιουργός,
τελετών, τελευταίος, τελευτή, τελικά, τελικός, τελικώς, τελίτσα.
Modele fjalëformimi të tjera
fr. fin – gr. τέλος
angl. fine – gr. τέλειος
Angl. tail ‘bisht’ = gr. τέλος ‘ fund’.
Shih serb. deliti – angl. divide, serb. delo – ger. Teil. Ger.
Teil – it. lato, lat. latus.
Krhs. Angl. shear – angl. share, angl, shear – angl. tear, angl.
tear – ger. teilen.
Angl. lateral, littoral, it. dilazionare, dilazione, dilatare,
dilatarsi, dilatazione, lato, laterale, litorale.
It. dimettere ka të njëjtën
etimologji me it. dividere, lat. divido.
Shih angl. dismantle, it. smentire; angl. dismantle, dismount – it. smontare.
Krhs edhe angl.
communicate, communication, emit, emission, message, messenger, mission,
transmit, it trasmettere, lat. transmitto.
Krhs. fr. éloignement, éloigner – angl. align, alignment, line,
fr. ligne, it. allineare, allinearsi, allineato, allineamento, linea.
* * *
Shq. yll
> angl. well, gr. ευ-.
Shq. yll
> angl. ill (antonime)
Fjalë të
prejardhura
Shq. yll > angl. ill, shq. i ligur > angl. languid,
languidness, languish, languor, it. languire, languore, shq. lëngatë, lëngim,
lëngoj, ligaç, ligat, ligatet, ligatë, ligem,
ligështi, ligështim, ligështohem, ligështoj, ligështuar. Njëlloj edhe
shq. ilaç.
Modele fjalëformimi
–bol- < angl. ill, shq. i ligur < ... > rus. болевой,
болезненный, болезнь, болельщик, болельщица, больница, больничный, больно,
больной, болячка.
Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. plagë - πλαχ te gr. ευσπλαχνίζομαι
Shq. (e kam shpirtin) plagë – gr. ευσπλαχνίζομαι
Shq. (e kam shpirtin) plagë – rus. Я плохо себя чувствую
It. piaga, shq. plagë > shq. plagos,
plagosje, plagosem
Njëlloj edhe angl. plague.
Krhs. it. piaga – it.
flagello (alternime vjen – bal, bel, bil, …)
It. flagello – it. affligere
It. afliggere – angl. afflict
Angl. afflict – angl. affect, affettare
Angl. affect – it. influenzare, influire
Krhs. rus. mor – it. morte
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > angl. ill > pol. zly, rus. злой. Krhs. Shq. yll
> angl. gold, çek. zlato
Shq. yll > shq. lig (i) > ligësi, ligësisht, ligësoj
Angl. ill > angl. ill-minded. Krhs. Ill-disposed (Byron sipas
Dictionary,com)
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. yll > angl. jealous, jealosy, it. gelosia, geloso, shq. zili, ziliqar.
Shq. yll > angl. ill > angl. ailing, ailment, illness
Shq. yll > angl. ailing, ill > angl. hallucination
Shq. yll > angl. ill > angl. illusion, illusive, etj.
Angl. ill > ger. schlecht, schlimm, verschlechtern >
shq. keq, keq (i), keqas, keqbesim, keqbërës, keqësim, keqësohem, keqësoj,
keqësues, përkeqësim, përkeqësohem, përkeqësoj, përkeqësues, përkeqësuar.
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. zeal – shq. zili (zhvendosje kuptimi). Njëlloj zileps,
ziliqar, zilisem, zileps, zilepsem, zilepsem.
Angl. zealous – rus. желательный. Shih rus. благожелательный te
Modele Fjalëformimi.
Rus. желательный – angl. eligible
Modele
fjalëformimi
Angl. (I feel) ill > rus. жаль > bulg. жал, съжаление, rus.
жалость.
Modele
antonimie
Angl. well, gr. eu- – ant. angl. ill, lame. Angl. lame - fr. mal,
it. male (anagrama).
Ger. gelb – shq. gjelbërt i, e)
It. alto, lat. altus – angl. low, shq. ulët (i, e)
It. levare – angl. lower
It. caldo – ant. angl.
cold, ger. kalt, rus. холодный
Modele të tjera fjalëformimi:
angl. – fr. belle, lat.
bellus, port. belo, spanj. bello.
angl. better, ger. besser, holl. beter – rum. bucuros
rum. bucuros - shq. bukur, bukurosh
shq. bukur – shq. mirë.
Fjalët e mësipërme që shprehin mirësi, bukuri dhe lumturi kanë
rrënjë të njëjtë etimologjike.
angl. > fr. belle >
fr. beau > angl. beautify, beauty, beautiful. Fr. belle > angl.
embellish, fr. embelli, embellir, embellissement.
angl. > gr. βελτιώνω,
βελτιστοποιημένος, βελτιστοποιώ.
* * *
Shq. yll
> fr. Il
Shq. ai
> angl. he, gr. αυτός
Egjipt. Ra > ger. er
Shq. jam > fr. en, on, rus. он, она, они
Modele
fjalëformimi
Shih vargun e shqipes jam.
* * *
Shq. yll
> fr. il
Shq. yll =
shq. ai
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Shq. ai > angl. eye, ger. Auge > ger. Augenblick. Shih
angl. sun – geg. syni, shq. syri si Sirius.
# Shq. ai > gr. αυγό, αβγό > lat. ovum > angl. ovule, it.
uovo > angl. egg.
* * *
Shq. yll
> it. altro
Shq. ai
> fr. autre, angl. other, shq. jetër, tjetër
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
# Fjalë të ndërtuara me angl. other: angl. another, otherwise.
Fjalë të ndërtuara me it. altro > it. altresì, altrettanto,
altrieri, altrimenti, altroché, altrove, altrui, altruism, d'altronde. Krhs.
it. altro – angl. else, dhe fr. il est.
# Shq. yll, ai, ajo (anë, send, etj.) > lat. alter, it. altro
> it. oltre
Shq. yll, ai, ajo (anë, send, etj.) > lat. ultra > ultim-
> angl. limit, it. ultimo, lat. ultimus. Njëlloj edhe shq. yll > ger.
alt, angl. old > angl. limit, it. ultimo, lat. ultimus.
Angl. limited, ultimate, lat. ultimus – angl. final, it. finale,
lat. finalis (rishkrime).
# Yll = shq. ai. Shq. yll > fr. il. Shq. ai, ajo (anë) >
angl. other, fr. autre, it. altro, lat. alter, shq. jetër, tjetër. Fjalë të
prejardhura: angl. alterate, alteration, shq. tjetërsim, tjetërsoj, tjetërsuar.
# Shq. ai, ajo (anë) > angl. other, fr. autre, it. altro, lat.
alter > it. oltre > lat. ultra.
Shq. ai, ajo (anë) > angl. other, fr. autre, it. altro, lat.
alter > it. oltre > lat. ultra > angl. lateral, litoral, it. lato,
laterale, litorale.
* * *
Shq. Ai
Vargu i shqipes ai: ab, ae, ai, af, an, ap, au, av, aw, ba, bo,
che, chi, e, ei, eye, en, fa, fo, ge, he, hy, I, ia, Ich, ja, ky, ma, mo, o,
ob, of, on, op, ou, ov, ow, pa, po, që, que, qui, es, ua, ui, ub, up, va, (vi),
vo, wa, who, which, wo si dhe shkurtimet e tyre e, i, j, o, p, f, u, v, ë, y.
Nga shqipja ai rrjedhin vargjet:
a) it. altro, gr. auto- (αὐτo-), autos (αὐτός), fr. autre,
angl. other (si dhe rus. drugij, shq. jetër, tjetër).
b) fr. en, on, ger. es, lat. eius, is, rus. on, ona, ono, oni
c) angl. out, out-, çek. od-, holl. uit, uit-, ger. aus, aus-, gr.
apo, ap-, apo-, ec-, ecto-, ek-, eks-, ekso, ekso-, ekto-, lat. a-, ab-, abs-,
e-, ef-, ex-, nor. av, av-, ut, ute, shq. jashtë, jashtë-, sued. av, ut, rus. вы -, воз-, од-, от-, ото-
d) angl. what, who, which, whose, whom, fr. ce, ceci, ce que, ce
qui, cet, cette, ceux, ceux-ci, ceux que, ceux qui, ici, que, qui, quoi, gr.
εκεί, εκείνη, εκείνος, it. che, chi, qui, qua, lat. qui (cuius, cui, quem,
quo), quae (cuius, cui, quam, qua), quod (cuius, cui, quod, quo), …, PIE *kʷis,
*kʷih₂, *kʷid, shq. ky, kjo, këta, këto, këtu, këndej, që, q’, rus. kto.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. ai > shq. ajo njëlloj si
Fr. il > fr. elle
It. lui > it. lei
Angl. he – angl. she (gjymtyrë të vargut të shq. jam)
Fr. en – fr. on (gjymtyrë të vargut të shq. jam)
Ger. es – lat. is (gjymtyrë të vargut të shq. jam)
Rus. он > rus. она (gjymtyrë të vargut të shq. jam)
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. ai > shq. ajo
Shq. ai > gr. αυτός > it. autore > angl. author, cause, lat.
auctor > angl. authorize, authorization, authorization, authority, fr.
auteur,
Shq. ai > gr. αυτός > it. autore > angl. factor. Shih
shq. bërë: Shq. bërë, heb. bara, fr. faire, it. fare, etj. > it. fatto >
….
Angl. actor – angl. factor. Shih prapa. em. –tor si te lat.
amator, auctor, bellator, benefactor, pastor, piscator, pistor, viator, victor.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. ai > fa- > angl. father, ger. Vater, holl. vader,
it. padre, gr. πατέρας, lat. pater, pers. pedar. Njëlloj edhe angl. Peter, fr.
Pierre, it. Pietro, rus. Петр. Shih ndërrimet b, f, p, u, v, w – m, n në Kodin
e Shqipes.
Shq. bërë – fr. père
It. fare – angl. father
Shq, ai > ma- > angl. mother, ger. Mutter, gr. μητέρα, holl.
moeder, pers. madar, rus. мать.
Angl. mother – shq. motër (zhvendosje kuptimi)
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
vod-, -vod- < angl. water <
lat. conduco = rus. водить < it. conducente = angl. leader = serb. вођа, водитељ =
shq. hoxhë, turq. hoca < … > rus. вода, водный,
водяной, производить, производство, разводнять. Shih vjed. Rus. везти, вести
– rus. водить si rus. нести – rus. носить. Shih vargun -vjed-, -vjez-,
-vjes-, -vod-, -voz-.
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
-voz-. Shih duco te Etimologji – Lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine
dhe ato neolatine, hodja te Etimologji – Lojra leksikore në gjuhët semitike,
Fr. elevation – rus. возвышение
Fr. élevé
– rus. возвышенный
Rus. воз- < ger. aus. shih vargjet e krijuara
me shqipen ai.
вы - < 1. parashtesë që rrjedh nga shq. ai si
te holl. uit, 2. shq. vjen. Njëlloj edhe
gr.
epi-, shq. mbi, mbi-.
-шенный prapashtesë e përbërë nga
-шен – it. -zione < shq. qenë
-ный = -en. Shih vargun e shq. jam.
Fjalë të prejardhura: rus. возвышенный, высокий,
высоко, высший
Modele
fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Shq. qes, qit (nxjerr) jashtë - angl. excite. Njëlloj, angl.
excitable, excitation, excited, excitement, exciting, exciter, it.
eccitabile, eccitamento, eccitante, eccitarsi, eccitato, eccitare, eccitatore,
eccitazione, shq. qitës, qitje, qitur.
angl. excite – ang. incite. Njëlloj, angl. incite, shq. cyt, nxit, si dhe angl.
incentive, it. incentivante, incentivare, incentivazione, incentivo, shq. ngut,
ngutas, ngutem, ngutësi, ngutje, nngutshëm, ngutur, nxit, nxitem, nxitës,
nxitim, nxitimthi, nxitje, nxitohem, nxitoj, nxituar. Angl. incite – angl.
excite, si dhe angl. excitement.
Angl. incite - angl. entice.
* * *
Shq. ai
> fr. autre, it. altro, angl. other, shq. jetër, tjetër
Shq. ai
> lat. externus > lat. aeternus > angl. aeon
Vargu i shqipes ai: ab, ae, ai, af, an, ap, au, av, aw, ba, bo,
che, chi, e, ei, eye, en, fa, fo, ge, he, hy, I, ia, Ich, ja, ky, ma, mo, o,
ob, of, on, op, ou, ov, ow, pa, po, që, que, qui, es, ua, ui, ub, up, va, (vi),
vo, wa, who, which, wo si dhe shkurtimet e tyre e, i, j, o, p, f, u, v, ë, y.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
aetern-, etern- Elemente
fjalëformues në latinisht. Shq. ai > angl. aeon, age, aged, eon, aye, gr.
vj. αἰές, αἰεί, αἰώνιος, lat. aeternus. Shih edhe shq. yll = shq. ai > lat.
e-, ex- > lat. extra-, exter-, extro-, it. estra- > it. esterno, lat.
externus > lat. aeternus. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. eternal, eternally,
eternity. Shih vargun e shqipes ai te Kodi i Gjuhës Shqipe. Shih aevum, evum te
Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato neolatine.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
aevum, evum Shq. yll = shq.
ai. Shq. ai > angl. aeon, age, aged, eon, aye, gr. vj. αἰές, αἰεί, lat.
aeternus. Krhs. angl. always. Lat. aeternus > lat. aeterno, aeternitas.
Njëlloj edhe Krhs. angl. longevity. Krhs. angl. ever dhe forever me gr. hebe-,
ivi-, ku kemi alternime të shqipeve bërë dhe vjen. Këtej rrjedhin ger. je (ant.
nie) PIE *aiw-. Fjalë të prejardhura: angl. ever, forever, longeval, lat.
aeternalis, Shih gr. hebe-, ivi- te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën
greke, aevum, evum; etern-; aeternus te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën
latine dhe ato neolatine. Shih angl. coetaneous, coeternal, coeternally,
coeval, coaeval, coevally.
Elementi fjalëformues -evi- te longevity = fr. vie = lat. aevum,
evum. Shq. vi gjallë, it. vigilia > fr. vie > it. vita. Fr. vie, it. vita
> fr. vivre, it. vivere, lat. vivo. Krhs. shq. pi, lat. bibere, shq. kam,
ka, lat. habere. It. medio + fr. vie > angl. medieval, it. evo, medievale,
medioevo, medioevale. Krhs. angl. longeval, longevity. Fjalë të prejardhura:
angl. medievaldom, medievalism, medievalist, medievalize, primaeval, primeval.
Shih aetern-, etern- te Etimologji - lojra leksikore në gjuhën latine dhe ato
neolatine.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
v, vo Parafj. ruse =
parafj. ruse y < ndajf. fr. où < ndajf. & lidh. shq. ku < …. Me të
njëjtën etimologji edhe fr. au, rus. в, во. Parafj. angl. at = nyjen angl. the,
parafj. fr. au = nyjen fr. le, parafj. it. al = nyjen it. il, dhe jo à + la
> fr. au, siç pretendohet.
* * *
Shq. At
Vargu i shqipes at: ad, adh, at, ath,
od, ot, ud, ut.
* * *
Shq. yll
> shq. kalë, it. cavallo, lat. caballus
Shq. ai
> lat. ecus, equos, equus
Shq. at
> gr. e vj. άτι, shq. at ‘kalë’, turq. at
egjipt. Ra
> angl. horse
* * *
Nga shqipet yll, ai dhe ar dhe togfjalëshi q’jam kanë rrjedhur vargjet
:
a) chan, cham, chen, chin, chun,
b) co-, col-, com-, con-, cor-, cum-, kom-,
c) sam, san, schein, scin,
schon, schoen, sem, sen, sim, sin, sis, so, som, son, soz, sum, sun,
sus, sus, syl, syn, sys, sham, shan, shem, shen, shim, shin, shom, shon, shum,
shun, zhon.
Modele fjalëformimi
Shq. ai > lat. co-, con- > angl. counter-, fr. contre, it.
contra-, contro, contro-, lat. contra, port. contra, rum. contra, spanj.
contra, njëlloj si shq. ai + -x, q’ është > gr. ec-, ecto-, ek-, eks-, ekso,
ekso-, ekto-, ektro-, lat. e-, ef-, ex-, extra-, exter-, extro-, apo shq. yll
> it. altro.
Modele fjalëformimi dhe fjalë të prejardhura
Lat. contra + it. stare, sto > it. contrastare, contrasto
It. contrastare, contrastato > angl. counterstate
Angl. counterstatement > shq. kundërshtim
It. contrastare > shq. kundërshtuar
* * *
Nga
shqipet ai, ar dhe yll dhe togfjalëshi q’jam rrjedhin elementet fjalëformues -cogn-,
cogn-, cogni-, cogno-, connai-, connoi-, cono-,-erken-, -gni, -gno-, gno-,
-gnomic, -gnomical, -gnomonic, -gnomy, gnos-, -gnosia, -gnosia, -gnostic-, -gnostic, -gnosis, gnoto-, -gnoto, -kne-, -kno-, njoh-, -segn-, -sign-, -techno,
-zna-,
Modele fjalëformimi
Shqipja ai, al > o (au, al), e (ai)
Shqipja ai, al > o, e > -cogen-, -gne-, -gno-, -erken-,
-kne-, -kno-, njoh, -zna-
Shqipja ai, al > o, e > -cogen-, -gne-, -gno-, -erken-,
-kne-, -kno-, njoh, -zna- > it. angl. sign, it. segno, rus. знак, shq.
shenjë
Shqipja ai, al > o, e > -cogen-, -gne-, -gno-, -erken-,
-kne-, -kno-, njoh, -zna- > angl. seal, sign, signal, it. segno, segnale,
sigillo, ger. Siegel, Zeichen, lat. signale, signalis, signum, rus. знак, shq.
sinjal, shenjë.
Fjalë të prejardhura
Angl. known (announce, announcement, byname, cognize, connotation,
denominate, denomination, denounce, denunciation, eponym, homonym, know,
knowable, knowledge, misname, name, nickname, note, notary, notation, noun,
pronoun, pronounce, pronunciation, pseudonym, recognize, recognition, renounce,
surname), sign (design, designation, resign, resignation, signal, signature).
Bulg. име, наименование, название, обозначение, понятие,
знаменитост, именувам, наименувам, назовавам (по име), посочвам (за пример),
назначавам.
Dan. efternavn, kende, navn, slægtsnavn
Fr. announcer, connaître, connaissance, connaisseur, dénommer,
désigner, nom, nommer, prénom, renom, surnommer, surnom.
Ger. Aufnahme ( etimologjikisht dhe kuptimisht =
Aufzeichnung), aufnehmen, erkennen (auskennen (sich), bekennen, kennen,
kennenlernen, Kenntniss, Kennzeichen, kennzeichnen, kennzeichnend, verkennen),
Geburtsname, Mädchenname, Name, namens, Namenstag, namentlich, namhaft, nennen,
benennen, Zeichen (Abzeichen, abzeichnen, Anführungszeichen, Anzeichen,
Anzeige, aufzeichnen, Aufzeichnung Auslassungszeichen, Ausrufezeichen,
auszeichnen, Auszeichnung, bezeichnen, bezeichnend, Bezeichnung,
Bücherverzeichnis, Fragezeichen, Heimverzeichnis, Inhaltsverzeichnis,
Kennzeichen, kennzeichnen, kennzeichnend, Nachname, Name, zeichnen,
verzeichnen, Quellenverzeichnis, Schriftzeichen, Siegel, Telefonverzeichnis,
Tonträgerverzeichnis, Unterverzeichnis, unterzeichnen, versiegeln, Verzeichnis,
zeichnen, zeichnungsberechtigt, Zeigefinger, zeigen, Zuname
Gr. αγνόηση, άγνοια, αγνός, αγνότερος, αγνότητα, αγνοώ,
αγνωστικιστής, αγνωστικιστικός, άγνωστος, γνωμάτευση, γνώμη, γνωμικό,
γνωρίζομαι, γνωρίζω, γνωριμία, γνώριμος, γνώρισμα, γνώσεις, γνώση, γνώστης,
γνωστικά, γνωστικός, γνωστοποίηση, γνωστοποιώ, γνωστός, γνώστρια, επώνυμο,
επονομάζω, κατανόηση, κατανοητός, κατανοώ, κατονομάζω, ομώνυμο, όνομα, ονομάζω,
προσωνυμία.
Holl. erkennen (bekennen, herkennen, kenmerk, kennen, ontkennen,
toekennen, verkennen), naam (achternaam, artiestennaam, benaming, benoemen, bijnaam,
doopnaam, familienaam, koosnaam, naambord, naamdag, naamgenoot, naamloos,
naamval, naamwoord, noemen, nomen, plaatsnaam, schuilnaam, straatnaam,
voornaam), teken (betekenen, gedenkteken, ondertekenen, optekenen, tekening,
tekenkunst, tekenen, tekentje, wonderteken)
Isl. kenna, nafn.
It. annunciatore, annunciazione, annuncio, annunziare,
annunciarsi, annunziamento, annunziatore, annunziazione, annunzio, cognoscere,
cognome, conoscenza, denominare, denominazione, denuncia, denunciamento,
denunciare, denunciatore, denunciazione, denunzia, denunziamento, denunziare,
denunziatore, denunziazione, nome, nominare, nota, notare, notaio, notamento,
notazione, noto, nunziare, nunziatura, nunzio, pronunziare, rinunziare,
rinunzia, rinunziamento, rinunziatore), segno.
It. segno > it. designare, disegnare, dis
